UNIVERSE ASTRONOMY LOGIN GUIDE SPACE CARNIVAL PHOTOS FORUM CONTACT PRIVACY THE PLANET IMAGE NASA MARS ARTICLE MATT WILLIAMS THE FOURTH PLANET OUR SOLAR SYSTEM THE ROMAN GOD NICKNAME COMES REDDISH HAS TO AMOUNT IRON OXIDE PREVALENT COUPLE OPPOSITION TO EARTH VISIBLE IN THE NIGHT HUMANS OBSERVING APPEARANCE ROLE MYTHOLOGY ASTROLOGICAL SYSTEMS THE MODERN TREASURE TROVE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES UNDERSTANDING RADIUS POLAR REGIONS THE EQUIVALENT HALF SIZE OF EARTH AXIAL TILT SIMILAR ORBITAL PLANE MEANS GREATEST DISTANCE THE SUN ORBITS TAKES EARTH DAYS EARTH YEARS COMPLETE ROTATION MARTIAN DAYS EQUAL TO ONE DAY MARTIAN YEAR COMPOSITION SURFACE MEAN DENSITY LESS DENSE VOLUME THE MARTIAN SURFACE CAUSED HEMATITE PRESENCE MINERALS THE SURFACE DUST COMMON TERRESTRIAL PLANET RICH SILICON ELEMENTS MAKE UP ROCKY PLANETS THE SOIL ALKALINE EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED SOIL SAMPLES SHOW LIQUID WATER CANNOT EXIST THIN CONCENTRATIONS ICE WATER POLAR ICE CAPS PLANUM BOREUM PLANUM AUSTRALE PERMAFROST MANTLE POLE LATITUDES MEANING WATER BENEATH FORM OF ICE RADAR DATA CONFIRMED SUBSURFACE WATER THE MIDDLE CORE SILICATE IRON SULFIDE THOUGHT TWICE LIGHTER AVERAGE THICKNESS CRUST MAXIMUM TWO PLANETS ARTIST RENDITION THE FORMATION OF ROCKY BODIES THE SOLAR SYSTEM DIFFERENTIATE EVOLVE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS CURRENT INTERIOR THE CORE REGION KILOMETERS IN RADIUS IRON NICKEL SMALLER THE FORCE GRAVITY OBJECT FALLING ON GEOLOGICAL FEATURES MOUNTAIN RANGES SANDY LARGEST SAND DUNES MOUNTAIN THE SHIELD VOLCANO OLYMPUS MONS CHASM VALLES MARINERIS IMPACT CRATERS DATE SLOW RATE HELLAS PLANITIA HELLAS IMPACT BASIN CRATER CIRCUMFERENCE NINE GULLIES CHANNELS SCIENTISTS BELIEVE USED TO FLOW FEATURES BELIEVED WATER EROSION REACHING LENGTH 100 KILOMETERS WIDTH PHOBOS AND DEIMOS MOONS DISCOVERED THE ASTRONOMER ASAPH HALL IN KEEPING THE TRADITION NAMES CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY THE SONS ARES THE GREEK GOD OF WAR INSPIRED GOD MARS PHOBOS FEAR DEIMOS TERROR PHOTOGRAPHED HERE MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER PROBABLY MAIN ASTEROID BELT PERIAPSIS APOAPSIS BELOW SYNCHRONOUS HOURS ORBIT GETTING CLOSER ESTIMATE MILLION YEARS CRASH BREAK UP RING STRUCTURE LONGER ORBITAL PERIOD TAKING FULL SMALLER THAN 100 METERS DUST RING PREDICTED SATELLITES ONCE ASTEROIDS CAPTURED THE PLANETS ALBEDO CHONDRITE COMPOSITION OF UNSTABLE SEEM RECENT CIRCULAR ORBITS THE EQUATOR TWO MOONS MATERIAL ITSELF RATHER BODY ATMOSPHERE PLANET MARS CARBON DIOXIDE ARGON NITROGEN TRACES OXYGEN THE ATMOSPHERE PARTICULATES MEASURE THE MARTIAN TAWNY COLOR SEEN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE RANGES EQUIVALENT AT SEA GREATER TEMPERATURE COLDER EXPERIENCE HERE ON EARTH C WINTER THE POLES HIGH SUMMER MIDDAY DUST STORMS TURN RISES WINDS STORMS UP TO THOUSANDS LAST MONTHS GET THIS ACTUALLY BLOCK TRACE AMOUNTS METHANE DETECTED CONCENTRATION PARTS PER BILLION PROFILES REGIONS UTOPIA PLANITIA ARABIA TERRA CONCEPT MARS ATMOSPHERE APPEARS MUST PRODUCE LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME SHORT LIFETIME ACTIVE GAS POSSIBLE SOURCES RANGING VOLCANIC ACTIVITY COMETARY MICROBIAL LIFE BENEATH THE SURFACE PROCESS SERPENTINIZATION MINERAL CURIOSITY ROVER MEASUREMENTS IN AUGUST TUNABLE LASER SPECTROMETER LESS THAN LANDING SITE MEASUREMENT SEPTEMBER 13TH DECEMBER 16TH REPORTED TAKEN INCREASE OF 7 BEFORE AND AFTER AVERAGED NORTHERN RELATIONSHIP MINERALOGICAL AMMONIA MARS EXPRESS CLEAR HISTORICAL ASTRONOMERS HISTORY OF WITH THE NAKED EYE WANDERING ANCIENT EGYPTIAN FAMILIAR IN ESSENCE BRIGHT DIFFERENTLY THE OTHER SLOW DOWN REVERSE COURSE RETURNING ORIGINAL EMPIRE 539 BCE REGULAR RECORDS THE POSITION OBSERVATIONS BEHAVIOR ARITHMETIC POSITIONS PASSAGE THE ZODIAC CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY THE GREEKS HELPED UNDERSTAND POSITION 4TH CENTURY BCE ARISTOTLE DISAPPEARED BEHIND THE MOON OCCULTATION FARTHER AWAY ILLUSTRATION GEOCENTRIC CONCEPTION THE UNIVERSE PORTUGUESE BARTOLOMEU WORK COSMOGRAPHIA NATIONALE ASTRONOMER OF ALEXANDRIA MODEL ATTEMPTED RESOLVE PROBLEMS ORBITAL MOTION HEAVENLY BODIES GOVERNED EXPLAIN RETROGRADE MOTION AUTHORITATIVE TREATISE WESTERN THE NEXT FOURTEEN CENTURIES LITERATURE ANCIENT CHINA CHINESE ASTRONOMERS FIFTH CENTURY CE INDIAN ASTRONOMICAL TEXT SURYA SIDDHANTA DIAMETER THE EAST ASIAN TRADITIONALLY THE FIVE MODERN PTOLEMAIC MODEL CANON THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION THANKS TO HELIOCENTRIC MODEL THE TELESCOPE PROPER INVENTION PARALLAX DETERMINE THIS WAS GIOVANNI DOMENICO CASSINI QUALITY TYCHO BRAHE EMPLOYED PARALLAX METHOD MEASURED JOHANNES KEPLER DUTCH CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS DREW TERRAIN GIOVANNI SCHIAPARELLI SHOWS FAMOUS WIKIPEDIA COMMONS RESOLUTION TELESCOPES TO THE POINT ITALIAN VIEWING OPPOSITION SEPTEMBER 5TH MAPS CANALI STRAIGHT LINES RIVERS REVEALED OPTICAL ILLUSION SPAWNING WAVE INTEREST PERCIVAL LOWELL SCHIAPARELLI OBSERVATORY BOASTED LOWELL PUBLISHED BOOKS INFLUENCE CANALS HENRI JOSEPH PERROTIN LOUIS THOLLON SEASONAL CHANGES POLAR CAPS THE DARK AREAS MARTIAN SUMMER COMBINATION SPECULATION LIFE ON MARS TERM SYNONYMOUS NEVER REACHED PUTTING ASIDE EXPLORATION OF MARS THE ADVENT THE SPACE SENT LATE 20TH CENTURY WEALTH INFORMATION NATURAL MISSIONS NOTIONS EXISTE