MOUNT THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA JUMP SEARCH ARTICLE THE VOLCANO WASHINGTON THE MOUNTAIN IN CALIFORNIA MOUNT SAINT HELENA STEAM PLUME MAJOR ERUPTION HIGHEST POINT ELEVATION PROMINENCE COORDINATES GEOGRAPHY SKAMANIA COUNTY UNITED STATES PARENT RANGE CASCADE RANGE TOPO MAP USGS GEOLOGY AGE OF ROCK MOUNTAIN TYPE ACTIVE STRATOVOLCANO VOLCANIC ARC CASCADE VOLCANIC ARC LAST ERUPTION CLIMBING FIRST ASCENT THOMAS ROUTE HIKE SOUTH SLOPE VOLCANO AREA INDIGENOUS COWLITZ PEOPLE LOOWIT THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION THE UNITED MILES SOUTH NORTHEAST TAKES ENGLISH NAME BRITISH DIPLOMAT LORD FRIEND EXPLORER GEORGE VANCOUVER SURVEY LATE 18TH CENTURY THE CASCADE SEGMENT THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE EXPLOSIONS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS NOTORIOUS VOLCANIC EVENT THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED PEOPLE HIGHWAY MASSIVE DEBRIS AVALANCHE TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKE MEASURING RICHTER SCALE CAUSED REDUCED SUMMIT LEAVING MILE WIDE UP TO CUBIC MILES THE MOUNT NATIONAL MONUMENT PRESERVE AFTERMATH SCIENTIFICALLY VOLCANOES CONE CONSISTING OF LAVA ROCK LAYERS BASALT ANDESITE DOMES DACITE LAVA LARGEST DACITE PREVIOUS NORTHERN FLANK SMALLER GOAT ROCKS DOME GEOGRAPHIC SETTING DESCRIPTION GENERAL CRATER GLACIER NEW ROCK GLACIERS GEOLOGIC HISTORY ANCESTRAL STAGES ACTIVITY SMITH CREEK PINE CREEK PERIODS CASTLE CREEK SUGAR BOWL KALAMA GOAT ROCKS MODERN PERIOD HUMAN HISTORY IMPORTANCE NATIVE AMERICANS EXPLORATION EUROPEANS EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT HUMAN IMPACT PROTECTION RECREATION NOTES REFERENCES READING EXTERNAL LINKS VIEW NEARBY SPACE THE DAY FACE CRATER PERSPECTIVE WEST THE WESTERN SISTER BROTHER VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS HIGHEST CASCADE VOLCANOES PEAK SOUTHEAST GEOLOGICALLY YOUNG THE OTHER THE PAST RISING YEARS AGO CASCADES THE HOLOCENE EPOCH LAST PRIOR STOOD HILLS SYMMETRY SNOW ICE COVER NICKNAME THE PEAK ROSE FEET ABOVE MERGE ADJACENT NORTHEASTERN ELSEWHERE TREE LINE WIDTH THE CONE COMMERCIAL AIRLINER STREAMS ENTER MAIN RIVER TOUTLE RIVER THE NORTH KALAMA RIVER LEWIS RIVER THE SOUTH RAIN AND SNOW AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL INCHES THE SNOW PACK ON THE MOUNTAIN UPPER SLOPES REACH DAMS HYDROELECTRIC POWER SOUTHERN AND EASTERN DRAIN UPSTREAM IMPOUNDMENT THE SWIFT ACCESS ROUTES RUN COWLITZ COUNTY STATE ROUTE LOCALLY THE SPIRIT LAKE MEMORIAL EXIT THE WEST NORTHSOUTH SKIRTS CITIES CASTLE LONGVIEW KELSO COWLITZ RIVER OREGON METROPOLITAN AREA LESS THAN THE COMMUNITY VALLEY GIFFORD PINCHOT NATIONAL FOREST PLAY MEDIA MAIN ARTICLE WINTER NEW GLACIER OFFICIALLY FORMERLY KNOWN TULUTSON GLACIER SHADOWED THE CRATER WALLS HEAVY SNOWFALL THICKNESS SQUARE DIVIDED BY THE DOME WESTERN EASTERN LATE SUMMER THE GLACIER LOOKS DARK ROCKFALL AS OF ICE MAXIMUM NEARLY DEEP OLDER CARBON GLACIER THE VOLUME RECENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY LOBES PUSHED ASIDE UPWARD THE SURFACE ONCE CREVASSES TURNED CHAOTIC JUMBLE SERACS ALMOST GLACIER EASTERN AND WESTERN TERMINI ADVANCE LOBE THE MORE THUS LAVA DOMES WALL FEEDING ROCK ONTO SURFACE TWO ROCK TO THE NORTH PLATE TECTONICS THE EARLY APE CANYON STAGE THE COUGAR CREEK THE MODERN 2500 BCE COLLECTIVELY COMPOSITION OF CHARACTERISTIC MIXTURE LAVA DIVERSE OLIVINE BASALT PLEISTOCENE ERUPTIONS PUMICE MUDFLOW DOWN MUDFLOWS PARTS TRANSPORTED TO 18 THE LAST GLACIAL PERIOD THE CURRENT LASTED DOME DORMANCY UPSET THE BEGINNING OF BLANKETING COUNTRYSIDE SWIFT CREEK BROKEN START THE SMITH THOUSANDS 1900 BCE JUDGED TEPHRA 1600 BCE LEFT DEPOSITS MATERIAL RAINIER TRACE BANFF NATIONAL PARK FAR SOUTHEAST 400 YEARS ALIVE 1200 BCE RED HOT SPED REST SOMETIME 1000 BCE 500 BCE THE NEXT THE CASTLE 400 BCE CHANGE ADDITION OLIVINE LAVA FLOWS PREVIOUSLY MUCH MORE COMMON ROCKS DISTINGUISHED THE YEAR 100 BCE TRAVELED ALL THE WAY LEWIS CAVE SYSTEM LAVA TUBES TOUTLE VALLEYS REACHED THE COLUMBIA RIVER THE SUGAR BOWL SHORT THE ONLY BLAST PRODUCE VIOLENTLY TWICE VOLUME APPEARANCE EARNED IT MOUNT FUJI THE ONCE FAMILIAR SHAPE BROKEN IN PALE GRAY BEGINNING TIMES THE MAY OF 3 SUBSEQUENTLY DRAINAGE SYSTEM SAW LESS ANDESITIC EIGHT BLOCKY SUMMIT CRATER RACED HUNDRED HIGH EXPLOSION CRATER ALREADY BROKE AWAY LATERAL NOTCH THE SOUTHEAST GREATEST HEIGHT CYCLE QUIET THE NEXT 15 THE GOAT THE FIRST TIME WRITTEN EXPLOSION LAVA FLOW PROBABLY DESTRUCTION CENTRAL EASTERN WASHINGTON NORTHERN IDAHO WESTERN MONTANA DOZEN REPORTED THE VENT APPARENTLY THE NORTHEAST THE SITE THE BULGE THE MAJOR ENTIRE NORTH FACE 1980 ERUPTION OF MOUNT ST PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN STEM MUSHROOM FOOTPRINT THE CLOUD DEVASTATED AREA NORTH THE FOREST DECADES EXPERIENCED MAGNITUDE THE END COLLAPSE THE NORTH FACE RECORDED HISTORY MAGMA BURST FORTH PYROCLASTIC FLOW VEGETATION BUILDINGS METRIC TONS SULFUR DIOXIDE THE ATMOSPHERE VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY INDEX PLINIAN ERUPTION PACIFIC DAYLIGHT TIME MIXED WATER CREATE LAHARS COWLITZ BRIDGES LUMBER TOTAL CUBIC YARDS NINE EVENTUALLY REACHING ABOVE SEA LEVEL EASTWARD AVERAGE SPEED MILES PER HOUR IDAHO ASHES COLLECTING ROOFS CITY OF EDMONTON LAVA DOME PROFILE VERTICAL COLUMN DECLINED STATURE THROUGH THE NIGHT MAY 18 MEGATONS THERMAL ENERGY NORTH END OPEN HUGE GAME ANIMALS FISH DAMAGED FORMING SOMETIMES CLOUDS BUILDING EXISTING GROW TRANS