THE MOUNTAIN GORILLA SUBSPECIES EASTERN GORILLA VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS CENTRAL AFRICA NATIONAL PARK MGAHINGA UGANDA VOLCANOES RWANDA EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO CRITICALLY ENDANGERED THE OTHER BWINDI IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL CONSIDER POPULATION DESCRIPTION FINALIZED AS OF NUMBER GORILLAS FEWER MOUNTAIN GORILLAS DESCENDANTS ANCESTRAL MONKEYS APES IN AFRICA ARABIA START OLIGOCENE EPOCH MILLION YEARS AGO THE FOSSIL RECORD EVIDENCE HOMINOID PRIMATES EAST AFRICA AREA PARTICULARLY EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THE GROUP WERE TO EVOLVE SPLIT COMMON ANCESTOR HUMANS CHIMPS GENUS CERTAIN THE GORILLA THE EARLY PROCONSUL AFRICANUS EASTERN LOWLAND GORILLA TAXA WESTERN COUNTERPARTS DEBATE CLASSIFICATION OF REFERENCED TROGLODYTES TAXONOMIST COLIN GROVES AS ONE SPECIES GORILLA GORILLA GORILLA LOWLAND GORILLA GORILLA GORILLA WEST GORILLA GORILLA BERINGEI GORILLA BERINGEI REVIEW DIVIDED THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION THE FUR LONGER TO LIVE COLDER IDENTIFIED NOSE PRINTS UNIQUE TO EACH MEAN UPRIGHT STANDING HEIGHT WEIGH TWICE AS MUCH HEIGHT AVERAGE LARGEST SPECIES PRIMATE ADULT MALES PRONOUNCED BONY CRESTS HEADS ANCHOR POWERFUL TEMPORALIS MUSCLE ATTACH LOWER JAW FEMALES LESS FEATURE DARK BROWN EYES FRAMED BLACK RING SILVERBACKS SADDLE GRAY HAIR BACKS THE HAIR SHORTER BODY PARTS ARM HAIR FULLY REACH IN ARM SPAN SILVERBACK CHEST SHOT NORTHERN KIVU AMBAM CAMEROON QUADRUPEDAL CLIMB FRUITING TREES THE BRANCHES CARRY RUNNING BIPEDALLY UP TO GREAT APES ARMS MOVES THE COMMON CHIMPANZEE BONOBO ORANGUTAN THE BACKS CURVED FINGERS RATHER ACTIVE HOURS SPENT FOOD SUSTAIN MASSIVE FORAGES MORNING AFTERNOON AT NIGHT NEST VEGETATION TO SLEEP CONSTRUCTING INFANTS SLEEP IN LEAVE SLEEPING WHEN THE SUN RISES EXCEPT COLD OVERCAST ALBERTINE RIFT MONTANE CLOUD FOREST VIRUNGA VOLCANOES RANGING ALTITUDE SLOPES DORMANT VOLCANOES MIKENO VISOKE DENSE AT THE BOTTOM BECOMING SPARSE HIGHER FORESTS LIVES MISTY HERBIVORE THE MAJORITY DIET THE LEAVES SHOOTS STEMS PLANT SPECIES BARK ROOTS FLOWERS FRUIT SMALL INVERTEBRATES FEMALE THE HOME RANGE SIZE GROUP AVAILABILITY FOOD SOURCES VEGETATION ZONES GEORGE SCHALLER DISTINCT BAMBOO HAGENIA THE GIANT SENECIO ZONE ITS TIME GALIUM VINES PARTS VINE CONSUMED TRAVELS THE FEW MONTHS OF THE YEAR FRESH SUBALPINE REGIONS SOFT CENTERS GIANT SENECIO TREE SOCIAL BONDS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GENERALLY DEFENDS VIRUNGA MOUNTAIN LENGTH TENURE DOMINANT ADULT MALE LONE MALE MADE UP MATURE YOUNGER FROM FIVE UNDISPUTED LEADER SUBORDINATE YOUNGER BROTHER BLACKBACKS NATAL THE SEPARATION PROCESS SLOW SPEND TIME ON THE EDGE TRAVEL ALONE JOIN NEW GROUP EMIGRATE BEGINNING TRANSFER TIMES SETTLE DOWN DETERMINES MOVEMENTS LEADING FEEDING EXTERNAL ATTACKED PROTECT THE COST THE CENTER ATTENTION REST YOUNG ANIMALS STAY CLOSE MOTHER DIES LEAVES THE ONE LOOKS ABANDONED EXPERIENCED POACHERS THE HANDS FEET DIES THE FAMILY GROUP UNLESS ACCEPTED DESCENDANT TAKING OVER SPLIT UP JOINS KILL OF THE DEAD INFANTICIDE STABLE ANALYSIS MOUNTAIN GORILLA GENOMES WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING RECENT DECLINE POPULATION SIZE INBREEDING INDIVIDUALS HOMOZYGOUS GENOME SEQUENCE HOMOZYGOSITY THE EXPRESSION RECESSIVE MUTATIONS CONSEQUENCES STRONG GENTLE AGGRESSION RARE SOMETIMES ENGAGE FIGHT TO THE DEATH CAUSE DISPLAYS THREAT BEHAVIORS THE RITUAL CHARGE DISPLAY ENTIRE SEQUENCE NINE STEPS QUICKENING RISING THROWING LEG SIDEWAYS SLAPPING TEARING THE GROUND PALMS JILL CASES TURNED STOOD MIDDAY PERIOD REINFORCING RELATIONSHIPS MUTUAL GROOMING KEEP FREE DIRT GROOM OFFSPRING PLAY ARBOREAL PLAYING LEARN HOW TO COMMUNICATE BEHAVE SOMERSAULTS TOLERATE GROUP COMMUNICATION SOUNDS CLASSIFIED GRUNTS HEARD WHEREABOUTS SOCIAL INTERACTIONS DISCIPLINE SCREAMS SIGNAL ALARM CONTENTMENT FOR REASONS UNKNOWN APPEAR NATURALLY WHOSE NATURAL BEHAVIOR CHASE ANYTHING THAT MOVES GO OUT CHAMELEONS WATER WILL CROSS STREAMS ONLY IF CROSSING OVER FALLEN DIAN FOSSEY OBVIOUS DISLIKE ROBERT VON BERINGE EXPEDITION BOUNDARIES GERMAN EAST AFRICA THE APES SENT BERLIN ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM PROFESSOR PAUL MATSCHIE THE ANIMAL THE MAN WHO DISCOVERED CARL AKELEY HUNTER THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL WISHED STUDY ALBERT I OF BELGIUM THE ALBERT THE ANIMALS VIRUNGA MOUNTAINS OBSERVATION SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHING TWO BOOKS THE YEAR LITTLE THE LIFE LIFE HISTORY ACCURATE DIGIT FUND WORK THE DIAN FOSSEY GORILLA FUND FUNDS KARISOKE RESEARCH CENTER MONITORS CLOSE MONITORING RESEARCH THE CONSERVATION INCREASE OVERALL BELIEVED SUFFERED POACHING INJURIES MOTHERS BRUTAL KILLINGS CARE ORPHANAGE THE DR OFFICIAL WEBSITE VIRUNGA NATIONAL PARK ANNOUNCED LIVING FORESTED THE LAST SEVEN GROWTH RATE CENSUS TOTAL SINCE WHEN ALMOST LOWEST POINT REPRESENTING ESTIMATES TRADITIONAL DUNG COLLECTED CONVERSELY GENETIC ANALYSES HIGHLIGHTS DATA ESTIMATE POPULATION GROWTH RATES COMPUTER MODELING POPULATION DYNAMICS HABITUATION MEANS NEUTRAL CONTACT EXHIBIT NORMAL BEHAVIOR PEOPLE CLOSELY GUARDED FIELD STAFF VETERINARY RESPIRATORY RESEARCHERS STRATEGY RISK HUMAN PATHOGENS REMAINS IUCN RED LIST DEPENDENT TO SURVIVE HUNTED BUSHMEAT MAIM TRAPS OTHER ANIMALS SOLD WANT THE ABDUCTI