LEARN BETA HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES FOREIGN RELATIONS SERIES CURRENT STATUS HISTORY OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS EBOOKS INITIATIVE DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW SHORT HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT SECRETARIES OF STATE PRINCIPAL OFFICERS CHIEFS MISSION TRAVELS THE SECRETARY STATE THE PRESIDENT FOREIGN HEADS OF STATE WORLD WAR BUILDINGS THE DEPARTMENT OF DIPLOMATIC COURIERS MILESTONES GUIDE COUNTRY WORLD WIDE ARCHIVES INDEX RESOURCES ABOUT US BROWSE SUBJECT CONFERENCES CONTACT DEVELOPER APIS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS OPEN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE ATOMIC DIPLOMACY ATTEMPTS THE THREAT NUCLEAR WARFARE ATOMIC BOMB OFFICIALS IMMEDIATELY THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS DERIVED THE AMERICAN NUCLEAR THE YEARS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ATOMIC BOMBING OF NAGASAKI THE SECOND WORLD WAR THE UNITED GERMANY ENGAGED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DEVELOP ATOMIC WEAPONS CITIES HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI RAPID THE WAR DEBATE LENGTH WHETHER MEANS FASTER THE PACIFIC CONFLICT ENSURE FEWER CONVENTIONAL WAR CONSIDER THE ROLE BOMBS IMPRESSIVE POWER PLAY POSTWAR THE SOVIET UNION DEVELOPMENT OF PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT THE DECISION INFORM TECHNOLOGICAL ROOSEVELTS PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN HAD TO DECIDE CONTINUE POLICY NUCLEAR INFORMATION TRUMAN THE EXISTENCE PARTICULARLY BOMB SOVIET PREMIER JOSEPH STALIN THE ALLIED MEETING THE WEAPON CLEAR ENTER BE IN POSITION INFLUENCE BALANCE OF POWER IN LITTLE CHANCE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN RATHER ARRANGED POLICYMAKERS MONOPOLY NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION JAPAN MIGHT THE SOVIETS ASIA STALIN RECOGNIZING EXISTENCE ALONE LIMIT SOVIET OPTIONS THREAT POTSDAM CONFERENCE SCHOLARS EXTENT MENTION THE BOMB POTSDAM HISTORIAN GAR ALPEROVITZ PUBLISHED BOOK NUCLEAR WEAPONS JAPANESE GAIN STRONGER BARGAINING WEAPONS THEMSELVES FORCE JAPANESE SURRENDER THOUGHT NECESSARY UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER OF RECALCITRANT JAPANESE MILITARY LEADERS DETERMINED FIGHT TO THE DEATH UPPER HAND OVER FACT ATOMIC TEST NEW MEXICO CONFIDENCE THE SOVIET SOFTEN RESISTANCE AMERICAN PROPOSALS FOR FREE ELECTIONS EASTERN EUROPE REDUCED CONTROL DISAPPOINTED SECURITY RAISED THE DAWN OF ATOMIC AGE PROTECT BORDERS BUFFER ZONE RAMIFICATIONS USEFUL WESTERN EUROPE RELY GUARANTEE OUTSIDE STATION LARGE NUMBERS TROOPS THE REGION NUCLEAR UMBRELLA AREAS PROFESSED HEGEMONY OCCUPATION REHABILITATION SOLE NUCLEAR POWER TOTAL SURRENDER INSPIRED GREATER THE IMMEDIATE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB THE UNITED KINGDOM IN FRANCE THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA BOMBER DECADES THE COLD WAR NUMBER EMPLOYED THE BERLIN BLOCKADE PRESIDENT TRUMAN BOMBERS NUCLEAR BOMBS SIGNAL NUCLEAR ATTACK EXECUTE THE KOREAN WAR ONCE AGAIN PRESIDENT DWIGHT EISENHOWER REJECTED THE IDEA COERCION NEGOTIATIONS CEASE FIRE AGREEMENT ABOUT FACE NUCLEAR MISSILES CUBA ORDER CONCESSIONS EXAMPLE DISENGAGE THE WAR IN VIETNAM CREDIBILITY THE PRINCIPLE MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION NEITHER THE FIRST STRIKE COUNTERSTRIKE NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN PROXY PRESIDENT NIXON HELP THAT THAT RETALIATE BEHALF NORTH VIETNAM INTERNATIONAL DOMESTIC PUBLIC OPINION NEVER ACCEPT SPITE THE MANY THREATS THE COURSE UTILITY TABLE OF CONTENTS THE EARLY COLD WAR NUREMBERG TRIAL TOKYO WAR CRIMES TRIALS RECONSTRUCTION OF BARUCH THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947 KENNAN MARSHALL PLAN THE BERLIN AIRLIFT CREATION OF ISRAEL WAR NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION THE CHINESE REVOLUTION OF 1949 DECOLONIZATION OF ASIA NEW ZEALAND UNITED STATES SECURITY TREATY IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT OF KOREAN WAR RECOVERY SEARCH TOPICS FOREIGN RELATIONS IMPRINT PRIVACY NOTICE EXTERNAL LINK COPYRIGHT INFO OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN BUREAU PUBLIC STATES DEPARTMENT