PINUS PALUSTRIS MILL LONGLEAF PINE PINACEAE PINE FAMILY WHOSE SPECIES NAME MEANS LOCALLY SOUTHERN HARD GEORGIA PINE PREMIER TIMBER NAVAL STORES TREE PURE THE ATLANTIC GULF COASTAL PLAINS ONE TIME FOREST LESS THAN HABITAT NATIVE RANGE THE NATURAL RANGE SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA EASTERN TEXAS SOUTH NORTHERN PENINSULAR SPECIES RIDGE AND VALLEY MOUNTAIN PROVINCES ALABAMA NORTHWEST GEORGIA CLIMATE TEMPERATE CLIMATES SUMMERS MILD ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURES C ANNUAL PRECIPITATION THE CAROLINAS TEXAS GREATEST THE GULF COAST EXTREME WEST DISTINCT SUMMER RAINFALL PEAK PRONOUNCED FALL DRIEST SEASON DROUGHTS GROWING SEASON SOILS TOPOGRAPHY NATIVE WIDE VARIETY RANGING POORLY DRAINED FLATWOODS ROCKY MOUNTAIN BARELY ABOVE SEA LEVEL THE BEACHES LOWER COASTAL PLAIN UP TO 600 M THE MOUNTAINS FORESTS BELOW 200 M HERE DERIVED MARINE SEDIMENTS SURFACE ORGANIC MATTER THE MOUNTAIN QUARTZITE PHYLLITE THE RIDGE VALLEY DOLOMITE SOIL ORDERS MAJOR ULTISOLS DOMINANT ORDER COVER THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES OUTSIDE THE OTHER TWO ENTISOLS SPODOSOLS SANDY FLORIDA GEORGIA DEVELOPED DIAGNOSTIC MAKE UP SANDHILLS NORTHWEST THE SAND RIDGES THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS PARTICULARLY WATER TABLE THE SURFACE RAINY SEASONS PRINCIPAL AMERICAN FORESTERS TYPE PINE MINOR COMPONENT FOREST TYPES SAND PINE SHORTLEAF PINE LOBLOLLY PINE SLASH PINE SOUTH FLORIDA CLOSE ASSOCIATION VEGETATION THE FREQUENCY SEVERITY FIRES WOODY PLANTS GROUND COVER COASTAL PLAINS GENERAL THE DIVISION SOUTH ALABAMA PANICUM GRASSES WIREGRASS THREEAWN ARISTIDA STRICTA REDUCTION FIRE HARDWOODS PINES THE RANGE INCREASINGLY LEADING THE COVER ELSEWHERE REPLACE EVENTUALLY SCRUB THE UNDERSTORY FINALLY SCRUB OAK DISAPPEARS COASTAL PLAIN WATER OAKS FLOWERING DOGWOOD BLACKGUM SWEETGUM PERSIMMON SASSAFRAS THE MORE COMMON SHRUBS GALLBERRY YAUPON BAYBERRY SHINING SUMAC BLUEBERRY HUCKLEBERRY BLACKBERRY XERIC SANDHILL ASSOCIATES SAND DWARF LIVE OAKS QUERCUS LAEVIS CLAY HILLS AND MOUNTAINS OF POST MOCKERNUT HICKORY FLATWOOD UNDERSTORY PLANTS SWAMP CYRILLA LARGE GALLBERRY BLUEBERRIES BLACKBERRIES LIFE HISTORY REPRODUCTION FLOWERING FRUITING MONOECIOUS STROBILI MALE FEMALE INITIATED BUDS CATKINS BEGIN FORMING SHORT PERIOD IN AUGUST NUMBER FLOWERS APPARENTLY RELATED WEATHER CONDITIONS THE YEAR SPRING EARLY SUMMER PERIOD LATE SUMMER PRODUCTION CATKIN BORNE UPPER CROWN PROBABLY EXPOSED SHOOTS THE MIDDLE CONTINUE STOP DO IN PATTERNS INITIATION CROPS MALE AND FEMALE DO NOT OBSERVATION SHOW CORRELATION SIZE POLLEN VARIABLE HEAVY PERCENT ALONE APPEAR BAD WEATHER CONE TO THE POINT SUFFICIENCY DENSITY LITTLE NEARLY ATTRIBUTED INSECTS CAUSES SEEM SUBSTANTIAL IN THE SUMMER ABORTIONS ETHYLENE FOLIAR SPRAY SOON ANTHESIS REDUCED ABORTION DOUBLING SEED YIELDS NORMALLY EMERGE MONTH RATE DEVELOPMENT OF ALMOST DEPENDENT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE PURPLE THE BUDS SHED EMERGING POLLINATED FADE YELLOWISH MATURE TO 5 AVERAGE DATE RECEPTIVITY LONGLEAF PINES TOWARD EXPERIENCE DATES TREES SOME TREES IN TIME DIFFERENCES ON AIR THE FLOWERING SHEDDING STAND 21 DAYS AVERAGED POLLINATION TAKES WINTER FERTILIZATION AT THIS TIME INCREASING LENGTH CONES REACH MATURITY SECOND YEAR CHANGE COLOR GREEN DULL THE COLOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY RANGES RIPENESS TESTED MOTOR OIL FLOAT SINK DISSEMINATION SITE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AFFECT THE BEST PRODUCERS OPEN PAST RECORD GOOD SOUND SEEDS CROP PARTICULAR HECTARE DENSITIES BASAL AREA THE STAND COMPRISED OF BEARING SHELTERWOOD THREE TIMES AREA SCATTERED SEED TREES AVERAGING ADEQUATE NATURAL REGENERATION ONCE EVERYTHING ELSE PARTS THE GENERAL LESS GEOGRAPHIC FAILURE PRODUCE IN THE FIRST PLACE CUTTING HIGHER RELEASE THE END THE THIRD SURVIVAL STRESS DISPERSED SEED DISPERSAL BEGINS THE MAJORITY FALLING OF 2 TO 3 DURATION DISPERSAL DISTANCE THE BASE PARENT LARGEST SEEDLING SOUTHERN PINES OPTIMUM WEEK PROMPT GERMINATION EXPOSURE SEED PREDATORS GERMINATED SEEDLINGS SUSCEPTIBLE DAMAGE LOSS HIGH EXTREME COLD RISK FROST HEAVING CONTACT MINERAL SOIL CANNOT GRASS MATERIAL MUST BURNING YEAR OF SEEDBED LACK PREPARATION REGENERATION EPIGEAL VIRTUALLY HYPOCOTYL CLOSE TO THE GROUND PRIMARY NEEDLES MONTHS EPICOTYL STEM ABOVE IN THE NURSERY CONDITION UNIQUE STAGE LAST MANY YEARS NEEDLE DEVELOP ROOT SYSTEMS OBSERVING INCREASE ACTIVE HEIGHT BEYOND FIRE RESISTANT COMPETITION BLIGHT IMPACT DEVELOPMENT DETERMINE SURVIVE OVERSTORY RESPOND GROWTH RATE INDIVIDUALS NATURAL EXPRESS DOMINANCE THE RAPID BREAKUP CLASSES SHOWS RESISTANCE ADVANTAGE INFECTION THE DISEASE LOW LEVEL THE TREES PROBLEM BUILD UP VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION SPROUT THE ROOT SPROUTING ABILITY CUT OFF THE GROUND LIVING SPROUTS AT ALL EASY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY THE OTHER CUTTINGS ROOTED THE PROCESS LIMITED GRAFTING PROVEN THIS IS NOW METHOD ORCHARDS SAPLING POLE STAGES HIGH QUALITY TIMBER TREE SUITED PLYWOOD PULPWOOD NATURALLY ITSELF STEMS FREE ALMOST ALWAYS SPECIFIC GRAVITIES WOOD VOLUME INTENSE EXPLOITATION COLONIAL PLUS PLANNED THE DECLINE TO THIS DAY GROW CRITICAL ELEMENT VARIATION PLANTATIONS CURVES THE CONDITION FIELDS COMPETING FUTURE STUDY AERIAL APPLICATION TWENTY YEARS LA