BRITANNICA LOG IN JOIN IN THE NEWS SPOTLIGHT LISTS SEARCH CLICK HERE TO SEARCH WRITTEN BY ENCYCLOPDIA LAST ARTICLE ALTERNATIVE TITLES RELATED TOPICS ASIA MUSTAFA NAIMA OF CITIES TOWNS SYRIA MUHAMMED FARIS WORLD HERITAGE SITE YACOUB SAFRA ALEPPO EARTHQUAKE ARABIC TURKISH PRINCIPAL CITY NORTHERN SYRIA SITUATED NORTHWESTERN MILES SOUTH ALEPPO THE CROSSROADS COMMERCIAL ROUTES LIES MEDITERRANEAN SEA THE EUPHRATES RIVER CITY OF MEDIEVAL CITADEL THE BACKGROUND DESIGNATED EXACT THOUGHT WORLDS SETTLERS BELIEVED HOMES ON THE HILL THE CENTRE THE MODERN TAKING ADVANTAGE AREAS NATURAL FERTILE AGRICULTURAL LAND WATER SOURCE CONTINUOUS OCCUPATION THE SITE THE PRESENT THE SEARCH ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF ARABIC NAME ANCIENT SEMITIC ARCHIVES THE ANCIENT CITY EBLA AT THE END 3RD MILLENNIUM TEMPLE DEDICATED TO NEAR EASTERN STORM GOD LATE 20TH CENTURY ARCHAEOLOGISTS DISCOVERED THE BURIED REMAINS THE HILL PARTS THE TEMPLE DATE BUILDING TIMES THICKNESS RUINED WALLS TALL TOWER VISIBLE THE 18TH CENTURY ALAB THE CAPITAL AMORITE KINGDOM YAMKHAD SUBSEQUENTLY MITANNIAN RULE CENTURIES ASSYRIANS 8TH CENTURY BCE ACHAEMENIAN PERSIANS TO THE 4TH HISTORICAL PERIODS ASSYRIAN SUGGESTS DECLINED THE EARLY 3RD CENTURY BCE FELL THE HANDS THE SELEUCIDS MACEDONIAN COLONY BEROEA THE ANCIENT THE ORIGINAL ARRIVING HELLENISTIC PERIOD ENTREPT THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION LANDS THE ROMAN PROVINCE OF SYRIA 1ST CENTURY BCE JEWISH SETTLEMENT IN AREA BEGUN CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY PROSPERED CARAVAN TRAFFIC BYZANTINE BURNED THE PERSIAN KING KHOSROW SIMILAR TOPICS IDLIB PALMYRA DAMASCUS LATAKIA HOMS IN 63 WHOM DYNASTY ITSELF INDEPENDENT BRILLIANT CULTURAL THE COURT SAYF THE FOUNDER THE DYNASTY LUMINARIES THE POET THE PHILOSOPHER BESIEGED BYZANTINE ARMY NICEPHORUS II PHOCAS PERIOD WAR DISORDER LOCAL POWER SELJUQ GAIN CONTROL FACADE MARTYRIUM QALAT YOUR MUSLIM RESISTANCE THE CRUSADERS IN 11 THE CRUSADER THREAT AYYBID SALADIN EXPERIENCED THUS ROLE TRADE EUROPE THE CITADEL MARKETS SUBURBS RULERS NUMBER MADRASAHS PROMOTE REESTABLISHMENT OF SUNN ISLAM STRONGHOLD ISTOCKPHOTO STORIES IN THE NEWS OBAMA BULK CHELSEA SENTENCE MUSIC THE DIFFERENCE TEMPO ANNIVERSARY WANNSEE CONFERENCE ARTS CULTURE FOLDS TENT IN 12 TAKEN MASSACRED INHABITANTS THE MONGOLS SOON ENDURING PLAGUE IN 13 ATTACK TIMUR REVIVAL THE 15TH MADE POSSIBLE THE DECLINE NORTHERN TRADE ROUTES ANATOLIA THE BLACK RESTORED CEILING CITADELS THRONE ROOM THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE COMPRISING SOUTHERN THE COMMERCIAL REBUILDING EXPANSION SOUK CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES TRAVELING MERCHANTS IMPORTS PERSIAN SILK INDIAN THE 16TH THE THIRD LARGEST CONSTANTINOPLE FRENCH CONSULATES TRADING PRESENCE EUROPEAN MERCHANT COMMUNITY CHRISTIANS AGENTS OTTOMAN EMPIRE GREATEST CONNECT FACEBOOK TWITTER YOUTUBE INSTAGRAM PINTEREST PROSPERITY THE MIDDLE FALL IN PRODUCTION COLLAPSE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICAL SAIL STEAMSHIP TRANSPORT INTERNATIONAL MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL EXPENSE INLAND HUBS LATE 18TH CENTURY SAW WEAKENING OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTS INCREASE CONFLICT POWERFUL GUILDS REFORMS EPISODE PROTEST LOOTING BOUNDARIES MODERN DRAWN THE UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE WORLD WAR THE EFFECT CUTTING TERRITORIES ESSENTIAL FUNCTION IRAQ SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY PORT CITY MANUFACTURING SECTOR MASSIVE POPULATION EXPANSION THE 20TH CENTURY CAUSED MIGRATION RURAL AREAS RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS KEEP UP DEMAND RISE POLITICAL STRUCTURE ALAWITE MINORITY MILITARY OFFICERS TRADITIONAL SUNNI URBAN ELITE OUTBREAKS SIMMERING INSURGENCY THE REGIME BRUTAL TURN MILITANTS MILITARY ACADEMY THE GOVERNMENT MILITARY DEPLOYMENT HUNDRED PEOPLE SPECIAL FORCES HUNTING QUIET BROKE BASHAR REPRISALS SYRIAN SECURITY FORCES THE CRISIS EVOLVED CIVIL ARMED OPPOSITION COMBAT BEGINNING IN THE SUMMER HOLDS THE BODY SUICIDE BOMBING MANU BRABO CONTEMPORARY ANIMALS QUIZ QUEEN MABS FOOD BAKING BAKED GOODS SPORTS RECREATION EDITOR BASKETBALL MOVIES SITS PLATEAU ELEVATION FEET WHEAT FIELDS ORCHARDS COVERING THE PLAIN RIVER RUNS RUN HEAVY WATER WHERE IT SEMIARID CLIMATE SUMMERS SHORT RAINY LANDMARK HILL SECTION THE BASE COVERS SQUARE THE WEST BAZAARS FOR MILES VENDORS THE BAZAAR FORMING RESIDENTIAL OLD CITY FEATURE PACKED COURTYARD HOUSES CONNECTED WIDE STREETS APARTMENT BUILDINGS POPULATION BOOM THE RAPID CITY PLANNING OVERCROWDING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ROADS CITY CENTRE 1950S 1970S SPLITTING CONTIGUOUS PATTERNS RELIGIOUS ETHNIC COMPOSITION THE MAJORITY NUMBERS ALAWITES SUBSTANTIAL ARMENIAN REFUGEES SETTLED THE AFTERMATH KURDISH TRENDING TOPICS MARTIN LUTHER HARLEM RENAISSANCE OPEN DOOR POLICY MAHATMA GANDHI WORLD WAR II FRENCH REVOLUTION SIR ISAAC NEWTON KEPLERS LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917 OPIUM WARS THE ROOTS JEWISH COMMUNITY JEWISH CULTURE JEWS EXPELLED SPAIN EVENTUALLY OPPOSITION TOWARD ZIONIST SETTLEMENT PALESTINE TRANSLATED HOSTILITY THE JEWS WAVE LEFT THE LAST JEWISH INDUSTRIES SILK WEAVING COTTON PREPARATION DRIED FRUIT MARKET AGRICULTURAL PISTACHIOS EXPORTED RAIL TO DAMASCUS BEIRUT ROAD CONNECTIONS ANTAKYA NORTH ARAB INTELLECTUAL CENTRE ALEPPO UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM