THE COMMON HIPPOPOTAMUS HERBIVOROUS MAMMAL AFRICA EXTANT SPECIES IN THE FAMILY HIPPOPOTAMIDAE THE OTHER PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS HEXAPROTODON LIBERIENSIS NAME COMES THE ANCIENT GREEK RIVER HORSE ELEPHANT RHINOCEROS LARGEST TYPE EXTANT ARTIODACTYL PHYSICAL PIG UNGULATE LIVING CETACEA WHALE PORPOISE ANCESTOR WHALES HIPPOS SPLIT BELONGING GENUS KENYAPOTAMUS IN AFRICA DATE COMMON MOUTHS CANINE NEARLY LEGS SIZE ADULTS AVERAGE MALES FEMALES LARGEST SPECIES SPECIES ELEPHANTS THE WHITE INDIAN RHINOCEROS SHAPE SHORT RUNNING THE HIPPOPOTAMUS AGGRESSIVE ANIMAL RANKED DANGEROUS ANIMALS HABITAT LOSS POACHING MEAT IVORY CANINE TEETH LAKES MANGROVE SWAMPS TERRITORIAL BULLS STRETCH RIVER THIRTY COOL IN THE WATER REPRODUCTION CHILDBIRTH EMERGE DUSK GRAZE HIPPOPOTAMUSES REST EACH OTHER GRAZING SOLITARY ACTIVITY ON LAND THE WORD DERIVED HORSE MEANING THE RIVER PLURAL UP TO GROUP HIPPO AFRIKAANS VENDA KUBU LOZI SISWATI ZULU IN THE SOUTH SWAHILI NKORE TURU LUGANDA LUHYA ATESO SEBEI KIBEI THE AFRICAN GREAT LAKES REGION AMHARIC JEER SOMALI THE HORN OF AFRICA TYPE GENUS THE FAMILY BELONGS TO CHOEROPSIS HEXAPROTODON SOMETIMES SUBFAMILY TAXONOMISTS ANTHRACOTHERES SUPERFAMILY CLASSIFIED THE ORDER ARTIODACTYLA ARTIODACTYLS CATTLE DEER PIGS RELATED SUBSPECIES DIFFERENCES SKULLS GEOGRAPHICAL NORTHERN NILE HIPPOPOTAMUS NOMINATE SUBSPECIES STRETCHED EGYPT SOUTH THE NILE RIVER TANZANIA MOZAMBIQUE AFRICAN KENYA SOMALIA INTERORBITAL REGION SOUTH AFRICAN CAPENSIS ZAMBIA SOUTH AFRICA SKULL TCHAD WESTERN AFRICA CHAD SHORTER WIDER ORBITS ANGOLA SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO NAMIBIA DEEPER CONSTRICTION NEVER FIELD BIOLOGISTS ENOUGH SIMPLE VARIATION GENETIC ANALYSES TESTED THE EXISTENCE STUDY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SKIN BIOPSIES TAKEN SAMPLING GENETIC DIVERSITY STRUCTURE POPULATIONS ACROSS THE CONTINENT AUTHORS GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION NEITHER NATURALISTS MOLAR LINES BLOOD PROTEIN MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS DNA THE FOSSIL RECORD SHOW CETACEAN NDASH DOLPHIN RUMINANTIA THE REST SOON AFTERWARDS RECENT THEORY OF ORIGINS SUGGESTS HYPOTHESIZED ANCESTRAL BRANCHES BRANCH EVOLVE CETACEANS BEGINNING PAKICETUS ANCESTORS COLLECTIVELY ARCHAEOCETI EVENTUALLY AQUATIC ADAPTATION LARGE FAMILY LATE EOCENE SKINNY EXCEPT THAT WHICH EVOLVED EXTINCT PLIOCENE LEAVING ROUGH LINEAGE EOCENE ANTHRACOTHERIUM ELOMERYX MIOCENE MERYCOPOTAMUS CLADE LIVED THEREFORE DEEPLY NESTED ANTHRACOTHERIIDAE BELIEVED HIPPOPOTAMID SPREAD ASIA EVER DISCOVERED ANTHRACOTHERE GENERA EMIGRATED NORTH AMERICA THE EARLY THE MODERN ARCHAEOPOTAMUS THE MIDDLE POORLY UNDERSTOOD MODERN DISAGREE WHETHER MEMBER APPARENTLY PARAPHYLETIC ASIAN OLDER BASAL MALAGASY HIPPOPOTAMUS THE HOLOCENE MADAGASCAR ONE OF THEM THE PAST MALAGASY SMALLER THAN THE PROCESS INSULAR DWARFISM FOSSIL EVIDENCE HUNTED FACTOR REMOTE POCKETS KILOPILOPITSOFY THE EUROPEAN ANTIQUUS MAJOR CONTINENTAL EUROPE THE BRITISH ISLES THE LAST GLACIATION EUROPEAN ISLANDS MEDITERRANEAN PLEISTOCENE SAW NUMBER DWARF CRETE CYPRUS MINOR MALTA SICILY CYPRUS DWARF HIPPOPOTAMUS THE END ARCHAEOLOGICAL AETOKREMNOS CAUSE DEBATE DRIVEN MEAN ADULT REACH MALE WEIGHING ALMOST APPEAR CONTINUE THEIR LIVES MAXIMUM SPENDING THE DAY NOSTRILS HIGH ON THE ROOF ABOVE THE SURFACE THE BODY BODIES SKELETAL STRUCTURES CARRYING SPECIFIC GRAVITY SINK MOVE ALONG THE BOTTOM MEGAFAUNA WATER THEY LIVE THE WEIGHT GALLOP NORMALLY JUMPING CLIMB STEEP PARTICULARLY GOOD SWIMMER IN DEEP THE ANIMAL MOVES LEAPS FROM THE BOTTOM TESTES SCROTUM PENIS RETRACTS ERECT GENITALS FEMALE VAGINA DIVERTICULA VULVAL VESTIBULE FUNCTION THE HIPPOS JAW MASSETER DIGASTRIC BEHIND HYOID HINGE OPEN MOUTH MODERATE FOLDING ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE GAPE TEARING THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CHANNEL TELEVISION ENCOUNTERS BRADY BARR MEASURED THE BITE FORCE ATTEMPTED MEASURE PRESSURE ADULT MALE HAD TO ATTEMPT AGGRESSIVENESS TEETH SHARPEN THEMSELVES GRIND INCISOR GROW COMBAT PLAY ROLE RELY BROAD HORNY LIPS GRASP PULL GRASSES GROUND PSEUDORUMINANT COMPLEX STOMACH LITTLE THE SKIN PROTECTION CONSPECIFICS SUBCUTANEOUS FAT LAYER THE ANIMALS UPPER PARTS PURPLISH AREAS THE EYES EARS SKIN NATURAL SUNSCREEN SUBSTANCE SECRETION SWEAT BECOMING DISTINCT PIGMENT IDENTIFIED THE SECRETIONS HIPPOSUDORIC ACID ORANGE PIGMENTS ACID BACTERIA THE LIGHT ABSORPTION PEAKS ULTRAVIOLET SECRETE FOOD THE SOURCE PRECURSORS AMINO ACID TYROSINE CANNOT PREVENT CRACKING STAYS OUT OF WATER DONNA OLDEST LIVING SHE LIVED MESKER PARK ZOO INDIANA THE US DEATH THE AGE TANGA MUNICH GERMANY DIED HIPPOPOTAMUS AMPHIBIUS NORTH AFRICA EUROPE EEMIAN LATE PLEISTOCENE YEARS AGO ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE PRESENCE THE LEVANT DATING LESS THAN NILE REGION ANTIQUITY EXTIRPATED PLINY THE ELDER THE BEST LOCATION SAITE NOME DAMIETTA THE ARAB CONQUEST RIVERS NORTHERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO UGANDA NORTH ETHIOPIA SUDAN WEST THE GAMBIA EXPERIENCED MARKED POPULATION EXPANSION PLEISTOCENE EPOCH ATTRIBUTED INCREASE WATER BODIES AT THE END FINDINGS CONSERVATION LOSS ACCESS FRESH SUBJECT TO HUNTING VULNERABLE SPECIES IUCN RED LIST DRAWN THE WORLD UNION POPULATION DECLINE DECLINED DRAMATIC