ARCHIMEDES ARCHIMEDES OF SYRACUSE 212 BC ANCIENT GREEK MATHEMATICIAN PHYSICIST LITTLE AS ONE SCIENTISTS CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY ADDITION DISCOVERIES THE FIELD MATHEMATICS MACHINES AHEAD OF THEIR TIME THE ANCIENT ROMAN HISTORIANS STRONG INTEREST THE FEW TREATISES THE MIDDLE AGES MAJOR INFLUENCE INFINITE SERIES METHOD AREA CALCULUS FAMOUS WHOSE THEOREMS WORLD REPUTATION MATHEMATICIANS PERIOD GREATEST OF ALL TIME BIOGRAPHY 287 BC SEAPORT CITY OF COLONY MAGNA GRAECIA DATE BIRTH ASSERTION BYZANTINE GREEK HISTORIAN JOHN TZETZES LIVED THE SAND RECKONER NAME PHIDIAS ASTRONOMER WHOM NOTHING PLUTARCH RELATED KING HIERON II RULER WRITTEN BY FRIEND HERACLEIDES WORK LEAVING THE DETAILS WHETHER EVER MARRIED BELIEVED SPENT YOUTH EDUCATED EGYPT CONTEMPORARY CONON OF SAMOS MATHEMATICAL WRITTEN IN LETTERS THE CHIEF LIBRARIAN DIED THE SECOND PUNIC WAR ROMAN GENERAL MARCUS CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS CAPTURED SYRACUSE THE POPULAR ACCOUNT PARALLEL LIVES MATHEMATICAL DIAGRAM SOLDIER TO COME MEET MARCELLUS SAYING HAD TO FINISH ENRAGED DEATH SUGGESTS SURRENDER CARRYING MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS THOUGHT ANGERED THE LAST WORDS ATTRIBUTED DO NOT DISTURB MY CIRCLES QUOTE LATIN NOLI TURBARE CIRCULOS MEOS EVIDENCE UTTERED THESE WORDS DO NOT APPEAR TOMB CARVING HIS FAVORITE SPHERE INSIDE CYLINDER HEIGHT PROVED THE VOLUME SURFACE AREA OF THE SPHERE THIRDS 75 BC THE ROMAN ORATOR CICERO THE TOMB OVERGROWN ABLE READ THE VERSES THE SIEGE POLYBIUS UNIVERSAL HISTORY WRITTEN SEVENTY SHEDS LITTLE LIGHT THE WAR MACHINES SAID TO ORDER THE FACTS COME FROM OPINION KIND PRACTICAL INVENTION FAME LEFT WRITTEN WORK TRUE THAT DUBIOUS REFERENCE THEORETICAL MECHANICS DEEPLY WRITE THEORETICAL MECHANICS TREATISE MECHANICAL SHOWS REASONING HEURISTIC DEVICE THE DISCOVERY OF DISCOVERY RELATION THE SURFACE VOLUME OF A SPHERE CIRCUMSCRIBING PRINCIPLE INVENTING ARCHIMEDES SCREW RAISING PRINCIPAL OBJECT FLUID BUOYANT FORCE EQUAL MAGNITUDE THE FORCE GRAVITY DISPLACED INVENTED THINGS HYDRAULIC SCREW WATER HIGHER LEVEL THE COMPOUND PULLEY THE BURNING DISCOVERED THE CENTER PLANE PROBABLY TIME IN EGYPT PRINCIPAL CITY TERMS PUBLISHED CORRESPONDENCE WITH SCHOLARS ERATOSTHENES OF CYRENE ROLE THE DEFENSE LAID THE ROMANS 213 BC CONSTRUCTING WAR EFFECTIVE DELAYED THE CAPTURE EVENTUALLY SPRING MACHINE HISTORICALLY BODY OF WATER IRRIGATION DITCHES RESEARCHERS MECHANISM SENNACHERIB KING OF THE 7TH MODERN CONSISTING OF HELICES ROTATING OPEN PUMPING SEWAGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS THE OPEN DESIGN SCREWS PERMIT THE PASSAGE DEBRIS CLOGGING MIRROR ENGINES OF WAR PARTICULARLY ATTACKED THE COMMAND SIEGE OF SYRACUSE FOCUS LIGHT ON ROMAN SHIPS HUGE TURN UPSIDE FINALLY BROKE SNAPPING GEOMETRIC FIGURE INVENT GAVE RIGOROUS EXPLANATION PRINCIPLES INVOLVED TRANSMISSION FORCE FULCRUM MOVING GREATER DISTANCE THE OBJECT LAW LEVER EQUILIBRIUM PROPORTIONAL PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA LEVERS CAUSED GIVE STAND MOVE BLOCK AND TACKLE SAILORS THE PRINCIPLE LEVERAGE LIFT HEAVY TO WORK IN ENGINEERING NEEDS HOME CITY THE GREEK WRITER ATHENAEUS OF NAUCRATIS COMMISSIONED SYRACUSIA NAVAL LARGEST SHIP PEOPLE GARDEN GYMNASIUM TEMPLE DEDICATED TO GODDESS SIZE LEAK AMOUNT DEVELOPED REMOVE BILGE WATER LETTER HIERON MIGHT BE BOASTED WE ARE ON THE STRENGTH ANOTHER EARTH GOING HIERO AMAZEMENT GOOD PROBLEM SHOW SMALL ENGINE FIXED DRAWN DOCK LABOR MANY MEN LOADING PASSENGERS FULL SITTING HIMSELF HOLDING THE HEAD HAND DRAWING DREW THE SHIP STRAIGHT SMOOTHLY AS IF SPHERES ROME STAR GLOBE THE OTHER DETAILS REPRESENTING SOLID SPHERE ENGRAVED PAINTED THE STARS THE TEMPLE CELESTIAL GLOBES HUNDRED CREDITS THALES KEPT MUCH MORE INGENIOUS MODEL PLANETS VIEWED MUST ENDOWED GENIUS THAT ONE IMAGINE POSSIBLE HUMAN BEING BUILD UNPRECEDENTED ANCIENT WRITERS REFER TO PLANETARIUM PROSE IN VERSE PROOF COSMOS DIVINE ITSELF THE ARGUMENT CONTEND IMITATE THE FOURTH MANUSCRIPT ENTITLED PAPPUS THE ONLY PHYSICAL TRACE BRONZE CLAUDIAN ENGRAVING ORRERY MIGHT MOON REVOLVE FLAT SURFACE DRIVEN UNDERNEATH HIDDEN GEAR SPHERICAL BANDS CELESTIAL EQUATOR THE ARCTIC MOVABLE ECLIPTIC MARKED ZODIACAL SHORE ISLAND UNCOVERED UNEXPECTED FIRST CENTURY BC SAILING ISLAND OF RHODES CARGO STATE CIGAR THE DEVICE THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM DEREK DE SOLLA PRICE YALE POSITIONS HEAVENLY BODIES THE FACE MECHANICAL CLOCK PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ADVANCED PRICE TRADITION FORERUNNER COMPLETE PRESENTATION RESEARCH GEARS DESIGNER CONTRIBUTIONS AFFECTION AMBITION SPECULATIONS VULGAR MATHEMATICAL PROOFS INVOLVE IN A WAY SIMILAR INTEGRAL CALCULUS PROPOSITION TO BE TRUE SHOWING LEAD ANSWERS PROBLEMS ARBITRARY DEGREE LIMITS THE ANSWER TECHNIQUE THE METHOD EMPLOYED VALUE POLYGON OUTSIDE SMALLER NUMBER ACCURATE APPROXIMATION OF POLYGONS CALCULATED LENGTHS THIS WAS REMARKABLE GREEK NUMBER SYSTEM RATHER POSITIONAL NOTATION SYSTEM AREA OF A CIRCLE EQUAL TO THE SQUARE RADIUS ROOT OF 3 THE MODERN GRAINS OF SAND THE UNIVERSE NOTION THINK THE SAND INFINITE MULTITUDE MEAN THAT WHICH THE REST SICILY REGION SOLVE SYSTEM COUNTING THE MYRIAD WORD USED TO UNCOUNTABLE THE WORD MYRIAD DENOTE POWERS OF GEOMETRY HELPED DEVE