THE HISTORY OF LEBANON COVERS THE MODERN REPUBLIC EMERGENCE GREATER LEBANON FRENCH MANDATE FOR SYRIA PREVIOUS HISTORY OF THE REGION KSAR AKIL NORTHEAST BEIRUT ROCK SHELTER BELOW STEEP LIMESTONE CLIFF EXCAVATIONS DEPOSITS REACHING DOWN DEPTH SEQUENCES PALEOLITHIC FLINT INDUSTRIES EVER THE MIDDLE EAST LEVEL UPPER REMAINS LITHIC FLAKE ABOVE ACCOUNTING FOR ALL STAGES UPPER PALEOLITHIC POINT FIRST STAGE DATUM COMPLETE SKELETON HOMO SAPIENS THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IN AMERICA DISCOVERED BRECCIA FRAGMENT NEANDERTHAL MAXILLA MATERIAL XXVI CAPRA DAMA DOMINANT FAUNA STEPHANORHINUS BELIEVED BE ONE ARTIFACTS THE SITE KSAR AKIL FLAKE TYPE TOOL SHELLS HOLES EDGE MODIFICATIONS PENDANTS INHABITANTS WESTERN EURASIA PERSONAL RESULTS RADIOCARBON DATING THE EARLY HUMANS LIVED YEARS AGO PRESENCE ORNAMENTS MODERN HUMAN BEHAVIOR FINDINGS CONTEMPORANEOUS LATE STONE AGE MUTO PREHISTORIC CULTURES QARAOUN CULTURE GAVE RISE THE CIVILIZATION OF CANAANITE THE REGION POPULATED ANCIENT CULTIVATING LIVING SOPHISTICATED SOCIETIES THE MILLENNIUM NORTHERN CANAANITES THE BIBLE SEMITIC THOUGHT DEVELOP PHOENICIANS THE CENTURY CLAIM RECENTLY VERIFIED GENETIC COMPARISON ANALYSIS PHOENICIAN BURIAL SITES MODERN THE CREATORS ALPHABET SHORTENING ALPHABETS DEVELOPED SISTER ARAMAIC MOABITE ENTIRE MEDITERRANEAN REGION COASTAL PLAIN HISTORIC HOME STRING COASTAL TRADING CITIES THE GREEKS PHOENICIA WHOSE CULTURE FLOURISHED THERE FOR ANCIENT RUINS BYBLOS BERYTUS SIDON SAREPTA TYRE SHOW CIVILIZED URBAN COSMOPOLITAN NATIONS PEOPLE MEDITERRANEAN SEAS TRADE THE ANCIENT SAIL COLONIZED FAMOUS COLONIES CADIZ IN SPAIN CARTHAGE IN TUNISIA TRIBUTARY RELATIONSHIP ASSYRIA BABYLON GRADUAL DECLINE LEBANESE COAST OUTRIGHT ACHAEMENID PERSIA CYRUS THE GREAT ORGANIZED SATRAP PHOENICIAN COLONIES INDEPENDENT EXISTENCE CARTHAGE THE PERSIANS FORCED POPULATION POWERFUL NATION THE SECOND PUNIC WAR CENTURIES PERSIAN MACEDONIAN RULER ALEXANDER THE GREAT WAR AGAINST ATTACKED BURNED NOW LEBANON NEARBY REGIONS ALEXANDERS DEATH SELEUCID EMPIRE CHRISTIANITY NEIGHBORING GALILEE ALREADY THE REST SYRIA MAJOR CHRISTIAN BYZANTINE EMPIRE MOUNT LEBANON DIOCESE OF THE EAST DIVIDED PROVINCES PHOENICE PARALIA PHOENICE LIBANENSIS PARTS HERMIT MARON MONASTIC FOCUSED IMPORTANCE MONOTHEISM ASCETICISM THE MOUNTAIN RANGE THE MONKS SPREAD TEACHINGS NATIVE LEBANESE CHRISTIANS THE MOUNTAINS MARONITES RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION BY ROMAN AUTHORITIES LASTED SASSANID PERSIANS MUSLIM ARABS SOON REGIME REPLACE THE ROMANS EASTERN ROMANS SOMETIMES ISLAM ARABIC LANGUAGE OFFICIALLY THE GENERAL CONVERT SYRIAC LANGUAGE MARONITE COMMUNITY FAITH DEGREE AUTONOMY SUCCESSION RULERS MUSLIM INFLUENCE THE SEVENTH UMAYYAD CAPITAL THE DRUZE BRANCH SOUTHERN THE MARONITES THE MAJOR ACRE THE PEOPLE INCREASINGLY ARABIC CULTURE THE FALL ANATOLIA MUSLIM TURKS PUT OUT CALL THE POPE ROME ASSISTANCE THE CRUSADES LAUNCHED LATIN CHRISTIANS FRENCH WESTERN EUROPE TERRITORIES EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN PALESTINE LEVANT PATH THE FIRST CRUSADE ADVANCE JERUSALEM NOBLES AREAS SOUTHEASTERN CRUSADER STATES HALF NORTHERN MARCH THE KINGDOM HEARTLAND COUNTY OF TRIPOLI SALADIN CONTROL THE HOLY THE CRUSADER STATES THIS REGION CONTACT THE CRUSADERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES ALLEGIANCE CONSTANTINOPLE LOCAL THE FRANKS SAW CATHOLIC INITIAL CONTACTS SUPPORT FRANCE FALL MAMLUK SULTANS OF EGYPT TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE SOLIDIFIED AUTHORITY OTTOMAN UNCONTESTED MODERN PERIOD VENICE ITALIAN MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORY SHELTER MINORITY PERSECUTED HISTORIC MARONITE CHRISTIAN MAJORITY DRUZE AUTONOMOUS REGION THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE THE OTTOMAN TURKS EMPIRE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA SULTAN SELIM THE MAMLUKS MAMLUK RESISTANCE MARJ NORTH CONFLICT THE OTTOMANS AMIRS FATE GOVERNOR CONFIDENCE FIGHTING APPARENTLY SALIM TREASURY GRANT STATUS EXCHANGE ACTING TAX FARMERS FEUDAL THE MAANS CHEHABS SUNNI MUSLIM ARAB CONVERTS RULED THE MIDDLE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN RULE TERM USED TO DESIGNATE AREA YEMEN SOMETIME TRIBE DYNASTY QAHTANI ARABS SETTLED SOUTHWESTERN SLOPES THE LEBANON MOUNTAINS ORGANIZE REACHED PEAK BAAKLINE FATHER DIED MOTHER HER SON PRINCELY FAMILY PROBABLY FORGED ALLIANCE THE ITALIAN GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY THE ALLIANCE PUBLIC ECONOMIC SECTION SECRET MILITARY POPULARITY FOREIGN AUTHORIZED HAFIZ AHMED PASHA MOUNT ATTACK LEBANON IN ORDER REDUCE GROWING POWER PROFESSOR OTTOMAN ARCHIVES RELEVANT EMIRS CAREER ARMY CHOSE EXILE LEAVING AFFAIRS THE HANDS BROTHER EMIR FORTS BANIAS MAINSTAY PAID STANDING ARMY WAGES TUSCANY THE MEDICI FAMILY THE GRAND DUKE COSIMO HOST SPONSOR SPENT THE COURT THE SPANISH VICEROY SICILY THE DUKE WISHED ENLIST TUSCAN EUROPEAN CRUSADE FREE HOMELAND REFUSAL AFFORD THE PRINCE EVENTUALLY EUROPE TAKING WITNESS EUROPES CULTURAL REVIVAL BRING BACK RENAISSANCE IDEAS ARCHITECTURAL POLITICAL CHANGES OTTOMAN SULTANATE ENEMIES RETURN ABLE QUICKLY LANDS BEYOND BOUNDARIES REVENGE YUSUF PASHA STRONGHOLD PALACES HAD TO GIVE UP BEKAA AMONG OTHERS PRINTING PRESSES JESUIT PRIESTS NUNS OPEN ANGERED THE PERSIAN FRONT WINTER JANISSARY GARRISON MUSTAFA GOVERNOR OF LAUNCH THE BATTLE MAJDE