MAYA CIVILIZATION ANCIENT HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA FOLLOW US MEMBERSHIP INDEX TIMELINE EXPLORE IMAGES TOOLS ANCIENT ATLAS WEIGHTS RANDOM PAGE LATIN DICTIONARY CONTENT STYLE GUIDE TERMS CONDITIONS JOIN THE TEAM TRAVEL CULTURE PHOTOS EXHIBITIONS INTERVIEWS EDUCATION ABOUT ABOUT EDITORIAL TEAM CONTACT PRIVACY ADVERTISEMENTS SUPPORT HOW TO HELP DONATE BOOKSHOP SHOP LOGIN REGISTER DEFINITION JOSHUA MARK PUBLISHED MAYA INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA LANDS COMPRISING CHIAPAS IN MEXICO SOUTHWARD EL SALVADOR DESIGNATION COMES THE ANCIENT YUCATAN CITY OF MAYAPAN THE LAST CAPITAL MAYAN KINGDOM MAYA PEOPLE REFER TO THEMSELVES ETHNICITY LANGUAGE BONDS QUICHE IN THE SOUTH YUCATEC THE NORTH THE WORLD BY JOHN LLOYD STEPHENS FREDERICK CATHERWOOD IN REALITY THE CULTURE MYSTERIOUS UNDERSTOOD CONTRARY POPULAR VANISH THE DESCENDANTS THE PEOPLE THE GREAT CITIES CHICHEN ITZA BONAMPAK UXMAL ALTUN HA EXIST ANCESTORS CONTINUE SOMETIMES RITUALS NATIVE THE LAND THOUSAND YEARS AGO ORIGINS THE HISTORY OF DIVIDED PERIODS TAKEN REVEAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION EMERGENCE CULTIVATION THE MAYA CIVILIZATION REMOVE ADVERTISEMENT ARCHAIC THIS TIME CROPS BEANS VEGETABLES DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS DOGS PLANTS PERIOD SACRED SPOTS TEMPLES DEDICATED TO THE VILLAGES THUS OLMEC ALSO KNOWN AS OLMECS SETTLED THE GULF OF MEXICO BUILDING STONE FAMOUS OLMEC HEADS SOPHISTICATED SKILL SCULPTURE SHAMANIC RELIGIOUS DATE SIZE SCOPE RUINS GAVE BIRTH THE IDEA ONCE POPULATED NO ONE KNOWS THE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE CIVILIZATIONS 600 BCE CULTURAL CENTER MONTE ALBAN THE CAPITAL RELATED CULTURAL ELEMENTS DISSEMINATED ASTRONOMY THE CALENDAR VILLAGE METROPOLIS RIVAL CUICUILCO COMMUNITY VOLCANO DOMINANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS DEVOTED WORSHIP GREAT MOTHER GODDESS CONSORT THE PLUMED SERPENT GOD KUKULKAN DEITY LIE SOUTHERN ABANDONED SOMETIME EL TAJIN THE CLASSIC MESOAMERICAN NAME TAJIN COMPLEX AS ONE URBAN CENTERS ROSE BALL GAME DEVELOPED BALL COURTS ELSE PRECISELY REMAINS UNKNOWN WERE OVER FIFTY ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE CITY DOMINANCE THE ERA SAW THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER YUCATEC MAYA DIRECT CULTURAL VALUES SEEMS AMPLE EVIDENCE CULTURAL BORROWING DIFFERENT STYLE THE ART THE HEIGHT PERFECTED ARCHITECTURE VISUAL ARTS REFINED STELE TIKAL THE LATEST INSCRIPTION THE SITE TONINA THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION STRETCHED PISTE ALL THE WAY DOWN AT THIS TIME EXPLANATION THE MASS EXODUS RURAL AREAS DETERMINED CLIMATE CHANGE OVER POPULATION POSSIBILITIES TRIBE CONCEPTION DRIVEN SPANISH CONQUEST ALREADY INVASION CONQUERORS NO IDEA NATIVES THE BATTLE TRADITIONALLY MARKS THE END MAYA CULTURE INCREDIBLE BELIEVED DEEPLY NATURE NOTHING EVER NOTHING EVER BELIEF INSPIRED VIEW THE GODS IMAGINATIVE BENEATH THE EARTH THE DARK REALM XIBALBA TRANSLATED WHENCE THE GREAT TREE THIRTEEN REACH PARADISE TAMOANCHAN MISTY BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS GO TO JOURNEY TOWARD IN THE DARK UNDERWORLD XIBALBANS LIVED TRICK DESTROY SOUL FIND THE WAY ASCEND THE NINE THE UNDERWORLD THE HIGHER THE ONLY WERE THROUGH DEATH IN CHILDBIRTH SACRIFICIAL ON THE BALL SUICIDE SPECIAL GODDESS IXTAB ROTTING CORPSE WOMAN HANGING NOOSE REACHED ETERNAL HAPPINESS IT MUST BE THOUGHT ACTUALLY IN THE SKY ASCENDING LIVE IN MYSTICAL MOUNTAIN BACK ON THE PLANET BELIEVE ANYTHING WRONG HUMAN THOSE PEOPLE SIMPLY ASPECT PERFORMED EVOKING DARKNESS HILLS HIGH THE HEIGHTS PYRAMIDS REPLICAS EXISTENCE MIRRORED MAYA CALENDAR THE MANY GODS GODDESSES FUNCTION HELPING RELIGIOUS BOOK STORY OF TALE THE HERO TWINS HUNAHPU XBALANQUE VICTORY FORCES OF CHAOS THE LORDS THE GAME THE TWINS GAME AS IT VIEWED SEVEN MEN FACE EACH OTHER BALL COURT SCORE RUBBER BALL VERTICAL HOOP WALL TWENTY FEET DEFENDING OWN GOAL IMPRESSIVE PLAYER THE HANDS BISHOP DIEGO DE LANDA WATCHING PLAY LIGHTNING STRIKES THE CAPTAIN AT THE END THE MATCH RECENT ADVANCES IN DECIPHERING WINNING HONOR QUICK DEATH INSTANT PASSAGE MAYANISTS MATTHEWS MODERN GROWN UP BALLGAME SAYS THE WINNERS GIVE PERFECT GIFT INTERPRETATION HISTORICAL THIS IS NOT GLYPHS INTERPRETED SHOWING THE WINNING TEAM BELIZE POINT THE HOPE ESCAPE REASON WHICHEVER CHOSEN CIRCUMSTANCES THE BALL GAME MEANINGFUL SPECTATOR SPORT INFORMATION PARTICULARS THE LIFE LIGHT HEIROGLYPHICS DISCOVERED MAYAN HIEROGLYPHICS THE MODERN HIEROGLYPHICS STEMS SO MUCH SPANISH CONQUEST OF HIMSELF THE TASK ROUTING HEATHENISM CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY THE CONCEPT DIES BACK TO LIFE FAMILIAR MAIZE GOD SEEM ACCEPTED THE STORY OF JESUS CHRIST RESURRECTION SUBVERSIVE FACTION IDOLATRY FAILED CRUSH REBELLION THE AVENUES PRAYER CHOSE DIRECT METHOD CHURCH BURNED FORTY MAYAN CODICES BOOKS FREE SUPERSTITION THE DEVILS TRICKERY THE INDIANS TORTURE EXTRICATE THE SECRETS THE SUBVERSIVES TRUE PATH CONDEMNED THE OTHER PRIESTS SPAIN EXPLAIN DEFENSE WORK RELACION DE LAS COSAS DE TRIED PROVED ASSET UNDERSTANDING ANCIENT MAYA THE CONFLAGRATION MADRID CODEX THE DRESDEN CODEX PARIS CODEX MANY YEARS SCHOLARS BELIEFS CODICES SCRIBES OBSERVATIONS DRESDEN CODEX ALONE PAGES CALCULATING THE RISING POSITIONS INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PLANETS THE SEASONS EXHIBIT PRECISION UNMATCHED ANCI