THE FOURTH AMENDMENT THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES WARRANT PROBABLE CAUSE THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN RESPONSE ABUSE WRIT OF ASSISTANCE TYPE GENERAL SEARCH WARRANT THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT MAJOR TENSION AMERICA CONGRESS JAMES MADISON THE OTHER AMENDMENTS OBJECTIONS TO NEW CONSTITUTION SUBMITTED NECESSARY RATIFIED SECRETARY OF STATE THOMAS JEFFERSON ANNOUNCED ADOPTION APPLY FEDERAL CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS LESS COMMON FIRST CENTURY THE NATIONS LITTLE CASE LAW MAPP OHIO SEARCH AND SEIZURE SHOULD LIMITED SCOPE INFORMATION LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER SWORN FOURTH AMENDMENT DEALS CENTRAL QUESTIONS GOVERNMENT VIOLATIONS RIGHTS COURT DECISIONS THE AMENDMENTS LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS PHYSICAL INTRUSION ONTO PRIVATE PROPERTY UNITED STATES THE SUPREME COURT THE WARRANT PRIVACY INDIVIDUALS NEED THE COURT DEFINED CONSENT SEARCH MOTOR VEHICLE EVIDENCE IN PLAIN VIEW EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES BORDER EXCLUSIONARY RULE ONE WAY WEEKS RULE HOLDS VIOLATION GENERALLY CRIMINAL DISCOVERED ILLEGAL SEARCH FRUIT OF THE POISONOUS TREE UNLESS LEGAL READS AREAS AMERICAN FINDS ROOTS ENGLISH LEGAL DOCTRINE SIR EDWARD COKE SEMAYNES CASE THE HOUSE CASTLE DEFENCE INJURY THE KING UNBRIDLED AUTHORITY GOVERNMENT AGENTS CERTAIN CONDITIONS PURPOSE SAW INTENSITY LITIGATION STATE CONDUCTED IN SEARCH OF MATERIALS JOHN WILKES PUBLICATIONS GOVERNMENT POLICIES HIMSELF FAMOUS CASES INVOLVED JOHN ENTICK WHOSE THE KINGS MESSENGER NATHAN GEORGE EARL OF HALIFAX STRICT DILIGENT SEARCH CONCERNED WRITING WEEKLY SEDITIOUS PAPERS THE MONITOR BRITISH FREEHOLDER SEIZED PRINTED PAMPHLETS FILED SUIT ENTICK V CARRINGTON KINGS BENCH CHARLES EARL CAMDEN RULED THE SEARCH SEIZURE AUTHORIZED THE CRIMINAL JUSTIFY HOLDING LAW THE PROPERTY NO MAN FOOT NEIGHBOURS CLOSE LEAVE THE ENGLISH PRECEDENT THE EXECUTIVE COMMON LAW HOMES COLONIAL AMERICA ON THE OTHER HAND ENJOY SANCTITY LEGISLATION WRITTEN POLICIES CUSTOMS IN FACT THE ONLY HANDBOOKS FOR JUSTICES OF THE PEACE THE GENERAL SCHOLAR WILLIAM THE COLONIAL EPIDEMIC AUTHORITIES POSSESSED ALMOST UNLIMITED POWER TO SEARCH ANYTHING OVERSIGHT THE COLONY MASSACHUSETTS ENACTED THE FIRST LAW AMERICAN HISTORY CREATION THE GREAT PUBLIC OUTCRY EXCISE ACT OF GAVE TAX COLLECTORS POWERS INTERROGATE COLONISTS GOODS SUBJECT TO THE ACT GENERAL WARRANT CRISIS WRITS OF ASSISTANCE THE NEWS KING GEORGE DEATH WRITS EXPIRED MONTHS HAD TO GEORGE III GROUP MERCHANTS JAMES OTIS PETITIONED HEARING BRITISH COLONIAL FUTURE US PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS PRESENT COURTROOM VIEWED EVENTS THE SPARK THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION NAME COLONIAL LEGISLATURE HELPED PASS SPECIAL JUDGE JUSTICE OF THE PEACE OATH OFFICER THE GOVERNOR FINDING CONTRARY ENGLISH LAW PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY SEEING DANGER THE VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS PROHIBITION ARTICLE WRITTEN BY IN AS MASSACHUSETTS CONSTITUTION REQUIREMENT MUST REASONABLE BASIS THE LANGUAGE EIGHT CONSTITUTIONS PROVISION WEAK THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION PHILADELPHIA FEATURING STRONGER CHIEF EXECUTIVE GEORGE MASON DELEGATE DRAFTER VIRGINIAS BILL OF RIGHTS LISTING GUARANTEEING CIVIL LIBERTIES DELEGATES FUTURE ARGUING EXISTING GUARANTEES SUFFICIENT ATTEMPT ENUMERATE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS RISKED IMPLICATION UNNAMED UNPROTECTED BRIEF MASONS PROPOSAL UNANIMOUS VOTE THE STATE THE CONSTITUTION NINE THIRTEEN STATES IN STATE OPPOSITION TO RATIFICATION LACK ADEQUATE CIVIL SUPPORTERS POPULAR RATIFY CALL ADDITION BILL FOUR STATE RESTRICTION THE AUTHORITY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS LEGISLATURES TWENTY CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS BILLS SOURCES REDUCED OPINIONS PREVIOUSLY THE BILL MEANS EFFECTIVE THE BILLS LESSEN THE CHANCES SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL RICHARD HENRY LEE LEFT THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY DIRECT TAXATION NEW JERSEY ELEVEN THE TWELVE NORTH SOUTH CAROLINA TWELVE NEW HAMPSHIRE DELAWARE TOTAL THE PROCESS STALLED CONNECTICUT GEORGIA REFUSED FAILED SEND OFFICIAL NOTICE THE SECRETARY DONE SESQUICENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS RHODE ISLAND VIRGINIA POSTPONED VERMONT THE UNION NUMBER ROSE TO ELEVEN FINALLY FOLLOWED ON THE TEN RESTRICTED INITIAL PHASE JUDICIAL DORMANCY THE WORDS HISTORIAN GORDON WOOD AMERICANS FORGOT FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS FEDERAL JURISDICTION CRIMINAL LAW INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT CRIMINAL JURISDICTION NARCOTIC SUPREME SUPREME COURT DIGNITY SECURITY PERSONS ARBITRARY INVASIVE ACTS OFFICERS WHETHER THE GOVERNMENT ACTOR CRIME PERFORMING DUE PROCESS CLAUSE NEUTRAL DETACHED THE POLICE OFFENDED LAWS CONNECTION ENFORCEABLE SAFEGUARD INVASIONS GOVERNMENTAL MEAN ARREST ARRESTS OUTSIDE JUDICIAL PROCESS PRIOR PER SE ORDER IT MUST BE PERSON THEREFORE ACCOUNTABLE CHANDLER MILLER SUSPICION WRONGDOING PARTICULARIZED SOMETIMES BEYOND THE NORMAL SPECIAL NEEDS COURTS COMPETING PRIVATE ADVANCED CITIZENS ORGANIZATIONS ACTING BEHALF ONTARIO POLICE OFFICERS TEXT MESSAGES SENT GOVERNMENTS THRESHOLD QUESTION JURISPRUDENCE HINGED PROPERTY RIGHTS PHYSICALLY THE ORIGINAL MEANING POLICE SURVEILLANCE CORE THE RIGHT RETREAT BE FREE FOCUS RIGHT TO PRIVACY WIRETAPPED TELEPHONE BOOTH ATTACHED THE OUTSIDE REASONED E