ACHAEMENID EMPIRE CYRUS THE GREAT DARIUS THE GREAT XERXES THE GREAT ACHAEMENID FAMILY TREE SOMETIMES FIRST PERSIAN EMPIRE EMPIRE SOUTHWEST 6TH CENTURY BCE MEDIAN EVENTUALLY RULE THE ANCIENT WORLD 500 BCE STRETCHED INDUS VALLEY MACEDON NORTHEASTERN BORDER GREECE THE WORLD CONTROL EGYPT RULED MONARCHS TRIBES NATIONALITIES CONSTRUCTING COMPLEX NETWORK CALLING THEMSELVES PARSA ORIGINAL ARYAN TRIBAL NAME PARSUA PERSIANS SETTLED BOUNDED THE WEST THE TIGRIS RIVER THE SOUTH THE PERSIAN GULF HEARTLAND FOR THE DURATION THIS REGION ADVANCE OPENING THE WAY ASIA MINOR THE HEIGHT POWER CONQUEST THE EMPIRE AFRICA GREATEST THE MODERN TERRITORIES PARTS CENTRAL THE BLACK SEA COASTAL NORTHERN SAUDI POPULATION CENTERS ANCIENT FAR WEST WESTERN HISTORY ANTAGONIST THE GREEK CITY STATES EMANCIPATION OF SLAVES JEWISH PEOPLE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY INSTITUTING INFRASTRUCTURES POSTAL SYSTEM ROAD SYSTEMS USAGE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE ADMINISTRATION EMPEROR PROFESSIONAL ARMY CIVIL SIMILAR TRADITIONAL VIEW THE PERSIAN VAST SIZE EXTRAORDINARY ETHNOCULTURAL DIVERSITY PROVE UNDOING DELEGATION LOCAL GOVERNMENTS CENTRAL AUTHORITY CAUSING ENERGY RESOURCES WASTED ATTEMPTS LOCAL EXPLAINING ALEXANDER THE GREAT INVADED PERSIA 334 BCE REALM WEAK VIEWPOINT MODERN SCHOLARS ARGUE FACING CRISIS INTERNAL SUCCESSION FAMILY EVER CLOSE WEAKENING CAUSE COLLAPSE DISINTEGRATION 330 BCE PTOLEMAIC KINGDOM SELEUCID EMPIRE ADDITION MINOR THAT TIME THE IRANIAN CULTURE THE CENTRAL THRIVE RECLAIMED THE 2ND HISTORICAL MARK BEYOND TERRITORIAL MILITARY TECHNOLOGICAL RELIGIOUS ATHENIANS CUSTOMS DAILY LIVES RECIPROCAL CULTURAL EXCHANGE EMPLOYED ALLIED IMPACT EDICT INSTRUMENTAL SPREAD ZOROASTRIANISM FAR EAST THE MAN WHO CONQUER RESPECT THE ROYAL PERSIAN KINGS PROSKYNESIS ROYAL STERN MACEDONIAN SET THE TONE HERITAGE AND HISTORY OF THE INFLUENCE PREVIOUS COLLECTIVELY GREATER PERSIA ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENT QANAT WATER MANAGEMENT OLDER LONGER MILES 480 BCE PEOPLE LIVED LARGEST PERCENTAGE THE KINGS CYRUS II OF PERSIA ALSO KNOWN AS CYRUS THE FOUNDER EMBRACED CIVILIZED THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST SOUTHWEST ASIA EUROPE THE CAUCASUS MEDITERRANEAN SEA HELLESPONT IN THE WEST INDUS RIVER REIGN LASTED MEDIAN EMPIRE LYDIAN EMPIRE EXPEDITION MAJOR SUBJECTION EVERY NATION VENTURE HIMSELF DIED IN BATTLE FIGHTING MASSAGETAE THE SYR DARYA 530 BC CAMBYSES II CYRENAICA SHORT RELIGIONS LANDS UNIVERSAL HISTORY THE ROLE LIES MODEL CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT THE ADVANTAGE PROFIT IN FACT ADMINISTRATION OF VITAL PRINCIPLE FORMING PASARGADAE THE WORKS LEFT LEGACY JEWISH RELIGION POLICIES BY THE PEOPLE JEWISH FAITH ANOINTED ACHIEVEMENTS HUMAN MILITARY STRATEGY INFLUENCE EASTERN AND WESTERN IRANIAN PROVINCE ROLE DEFINING THE NATIONAL IDENTITY PERSIAN CULTURE DATE BIRTH LITTLE SOURCES DETAIL THAT PART DAMAGED STORY OF BELONGS TO GENRE OF LEGENDS ABANDONED CHILDREN NOBLE OEDIPUS ROMULUS AND REMUS RETURN CLAIM HEROES FOUNDERS FOLK TRADITIONS HIS FAMILY GRANDSON KING ASTYAGES HUMBLE HERDING PRESENTED THE SON FOLK STORIES CONTRADICTED KING OF GRANDFATHER HAD A DREAM MAGI INTERPRETED SIGN OVERTHROW HARPAGUS KILL SUMMONED MARDIAN THE HISTORIAN NICOLAUS OF DAMASCUS BANDIT MOUNTAINOUS REGION BORDERING LEAVE THE BABY DIE IN LUCKILY THE HERDSMAN WIFE HERODOTUS PITY RAISED THE CHILD PASSING OFF RECENTLY STILLBORN INFANT MURDERED ORIGIN MANDANE OF MEDIA CTESIAS FULLY NICOLAUS WHETHER FIGURE UNNAMED QUEEN TO BE DETERMINED STRABO STEPPARENTS NAMING CAMBYSES NAMES CLAIMS TEN YEARS OLD OBVIOUS BEHAVIOR INTERVIEWED THE BOY EACH OTHER EXPLAIN DONE TRICKED EATING BROILED LENIENT BIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION GIVE INSIGHT CASSANDANE ACHAEMENIAN DAUGHTER BARDIYA ATOSSA WHOSE THE ANCIENT FIFTH CHILD ARTYSTONE SISTER DEAR LOVE LOVED TO THE POINT DEATH BED BITTER THE CHRONICLE NABONIDUS THE NATIONS PARTICULARLY PROBABLY PUBLIC MOURNING SIX DAYS 538 BC TOMB MARRIED AMYTIS WOMAN THE KING MARRY BEAR XERXES FATHER 551 BC ALREADY THE THRONE 559 BC INDEPENDENT HAD TO RECOGNIZE OVERLORDSHIP THE MAJORITY LYDIAN FRONTIER PARTHIANS RALLY REVOLT FEUDAL LORDS THE MEDES REBELLED START THE REVOLT IN SUMMER BATTLES TAKING ARMIES THE CAPTURE ECBATANA EFFECTIVELY SEEMS ACCEPTED THE CROWN 546 BC OFFICIALLY UNCLE ARSAMES THEREFORE GIVE UP TRANSFER OF POWER THE FAMILY NOMINAL GOVERNOR OF AUTHORITY PRINCE GRAND DUKE HYSTASPES SECOND COUSIN SATRAP PARTHIA THUS UNITED THE TWIN ACHAMENID KINGDOMS ANSHAN PERSIA PROPER SHAHANSHAH DEATHS MEDIA EXACT DATES MUST TAKEN MEDIAN KINGDOM BABYLON COMMON THE PAST THE YEAR INTERPRETATIONS OF NABONIDUS CHRONICLE POSITION THE LYDIANS ATTACKED CITY OF PTERIA CROESUS BESIEGED CAPTURED INHABITANTS THE PERSIANS CITIZENS IONIA LYDIAN KINGDOM ARMY INCREASING NUMBERS PASSING NATIONS HIS WAY THE BATTLE STALEMATE BOTH SIDES SUFFERING HEAVY CASUALTIES BY NIGHTFALL SARDIS THE FOLLOWING MORNING SENT REQUESTS ALLIES SEND THE END THE ALLIES PUSHED THE WAR TERRITORY THE FINAL BATTLE THYMBRA DROMEDARIES FRONT USED TO STRATEGY CAVALRY THE CAPITAL KEPT ACCOUNT TRANSLATIONS THE CONTEMPORARY INTERPRET LYDIA RETURNING PACTYAS TREASURY SOON HIRED MERCENARIES C
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