CORVUS GENUS BIRD IN THE FAMILY CORVIDAE SPECIES CROW RAVEN JACKDAW CONSISTENT DISTINCTION CROWS APPELLATIONS BASIS THE WORD USED TO REFER TO CARRION CROW HOODED CROW NORTH THE AMERICAN FISH CROW NORTHWESTERN CROW RANGING SIZE PIGEON JACKDAWS EURASIAN THE COMMON HOLARCTIC REGION THE HIGHLANDS ETHIOPIA TEMPERATE CONTINENT EXCEPT SOUTH AMERICA THE CROW THE MEMBERS APPEAR EVOLVED ASIA CORVID THE COLLECTIVE NAME GROUP FLOCK RECENT RESEARCH TOOL USE TOOL WORLDS INTELLIGENT ANIMALS ENCEPHALIZATION QUOTIENT EQUAL TO MEDIEVAL TIMES THOUGHT TO LIVE MONOGAMOUS PREDICT RAIN REVEAL AMBUSHES LEAD FLOCKS STORKS CROSSED THE SEA ALL BLACK BLACK LITTLE WHITE GREY PLUMAGE STOUT STRONG BILLS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM BELIEVED EVOLVE IN CENTRAL ASIA NORTH AMERICA AFRICA EUROPE AUSTRALIA THE LATEST EVIDENCE THE EVOLUTION DESCENT THE AUSTRALASIAN FAMILY THE BRANCH PRODUCE THE MODERN JAYS LEFT AUSTRALASIA CONCENTRATED RECENTLY LINNAEUS WORK SYSTEMA NATURAE DERIVED LATIN MEANING TYPE SPECIES THE ROOK MONEDULA THE MAGPIE DESIGNATED PICA EXTANT SPECIES BE IN EXTINCT SPECIES THE FOSSIL RECORD RATHER DENSE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PREHISTORIC CORVIDS MAJOR CITIES INCREASE NUMBER URBAN SETTINGS HISTORICAL POPULATION AMERICAN CROWS INTRODUCTION EUROPEAN COLONIZATION SPREAD EAST TO WEST THE OPENING THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RIPARIAN POPULATIONS IN THE WEST AGRICULTURE URBANIZATION THE WESTERN GATHER COMMUNAL NUMBERING TENS THOUSANDS INDIVIDUALS PARTICULARLY FOOD SOURCES GARBAGE DUMPS SHOPPING INCIDENTS BEHAVIOURISTS PLAY ESSENTIAL QUALITY THE OTHER WIDE VARIETY RESPOND BEHAVIOR LEARNED COMPLEX POORLY UNDERSTOOD THE MANY ECHOED BACK AND FORTH DISCRETE SHORT TAKES OFF THE PATTERN CHANGE IN RESPONSE EVENTS SURROUNDINGS ARRIVAL DEPARTURE SHOW REMARKABLE NATURAL HISTORY BOOKS THE CENTURY RECOUNT ANECDOTE COUNTING CROWS WHOSE ABILITY COUNT LOGIC TRAP SET SCORE ON INTELLIGENCE CERTAIN AVIAN IQ SCALE WILD HOODED ISRAEL BREAD CRUMBS ENGAGE KIND JOUSTING CHICKEN PECKING ORDER HIDE FOOD MEMORY EXPERIENCE PREDICTING CONSPECIFICS NEW CALEDONIAN CROW SEARCH RESEARCHERS THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD PRESENTED DATA ACQUIRED MOUNTING TINY VIDEO CAMERAS TAILS NEW CALEDONIAN CROWS BEND TWIGS GRASS STEMS PROCURE FOODSTUFFS QUEENSLAND HOW TO EAT TOXIC CANE TOAD FLIPPING VIOLENTLY STABBING THROAT THE SKIN ACCESS NONTOXIC BEAKS ENSURE THE EUROPEAN MAGPIE NIDOPALLIUM RELATIVE SIZE FUNCTIONALLY EQUIVALENT NEOCORTEX CHIMPANZEES GIBBON DISTINGUISH HUMANS RECOGNIZING FACIAL SUGGESTS ONE OF THE FEW NONHUMAN INSECTS BEES DISPLACEMENT THINGS THAT ARE IMMEDIATELY RECRUIT FEEDING CARCASS OF AN ANIMAL DIET ALMOST MOLLUSKS NESTLINGS ORIGIN SCARECROWS GRAIN FIELDS SCAVENGING ASSIST FARMERS EATING REACH SEXUAL MATURITY THE AGE FEMALES CLUTCH SIZE THE NESTING PERIOD LASTS MATE FOR LIFE YOUNG PREVIOUS HELP NESTING PAIRS PROTECT NEST FEED URBAN AREAS FACE THREATS ENTANGLEMENT ANTHROPOGENIC MATERIALS STUNTED GROWTH POOR NUTRITION AMERICAN CROW IN THE WILD CAPTIVE DOCUMENTED DIED SUSCEPTIBLE NORTH AMERICAN STRAIN WEST NILE VIRUS WEEK THE DISEASE SURVIVE ENDANGERED FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HAWAIIAN CROW MARIANA CROW REDUCED THE WEST NILE SPECIES OF LEAST CONCERN INTELLIGENCE SOCIAL STRUCTURES CAUSE DAMAGE CROPS TRANSFER DENSELY POPULATED AREAS GENERALLY NUISANCE PROTECTED THE FEDERAL MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT OF CONTROL CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION HARASSMENT SCARE TACTICS TRAPPING MEASURE ALTER PERSON MUST CHECK FEDERAL REGULATIONS THE UNITED HUNTING STATE FEDERAL REGULATION SPORT RURAL AREAS THE BIRDS TASTY TRADITIONAL GAME CULTURES LIABILITY POSSIBLE DANGER PERSONS PROPERTY LIMIT SHOOTING CUNNING HARVESTING SUFFICIENT NUMBERS TACTIC DOMESTIC ANIMAL SAFE METHOD CONSTANT MAINTENANCE MANPOWER OPERATE QUICKLY TACTICS BLAST PREDATOR TRADITIONAL GREATER SUCCESS ADDING SOUND MOTION DECOYS MIMIC CAUGHT OWL DONE USES MULTIPLE TECHNIQUES THEORY CONFUSE PROBABILITY HABITUATION TECHNIQUE PARTS THE LADDER TRAP AUSTRALIAN CROW SEEMS EFFECTIVE LADDER TRAPS CATCH HARM INEXPENSIVE SIMPLE BAIT SHINY OBJECTS THE TRAP LIVING DECOY HUMANE THE CROWS WILD BIRDS GENERAL KNACK RETURNING HOME RANGES LIMITED LASERS REMOVE BIRDS ROOST STRUCTURES IN KEEPING HOMEOWNERS REDUCE PRESENCE TRASH HANGING REFLECTIVE GAZING GLOBES GARDEN HUNTED SURVIVAL CURONIANS BALTIC TRIBE COMMON EXHAUSTED LANDSCAPE CHANGED FARMING PRODUCTIVE CENTURIES FISHERMEN GATHERING COASTAL BIRD EGGS MEAT SALTING SMOKING TRADITIONAL FOOD POOR FOLK THE SEASONS POLICY LIFTED PRUSSIAN GOVERNMENT ALTERNATIVE FOOD THE PRACTICE THE TRADITION WORLD WAR BUTCHERED BOUGHT TOWNSFOLK THE HUNTED ONES THE SPRING CURONIAN SPIT THE REST THE GOVERNMENT QUOTA SMOKED FISH GRAINS SOAKED SPIRITS COLLECTING ELDERLY TO GO BLAMED KILLING WEAK LAMBS SEEN DEAD CORPSES PROBABLY THE AUSTRALIAN THE UK RAIDING DATE DESERT NEW YORK TAKEN ROOSTING IN THE SMALL TREES WINTER ORGANIZED HUNT PROVED PROBLEM PUBLIC HEALTH THE SHEER NOISE TECHNOLOGY ENTERTAINMENT DESIGN CONFERENCE JOSHUA KLEIN THE POTENTIAL VENDING MACHINE TRAINED PICK UP WASTE GIVE REWARD EXCHANGE RECOGNIZE TRANSMIT INFORMATION INTERA