GIARDIASIS ETIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE DRUGS DISEASES EDUCATION ACADEMY ENGLISH DEUTSCH LOG IN SIGN REGISTER RESULTS CLOSE PLEASE CONFIRM LOG OUT MEDSCAPE IF YOU YOU WILL ENTER YOUR USERNAME PASSWORD THE NEXT TIME CANCEL GASTROENTEROLOGY HISHAM NAZER CHIEF EDITOR SHARE EMAIL PRINT FEEDBACK FACEBOOK TWITTER LINKEDIN OVERVIEW BACKGROUND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY PROGNOSIS PATIENT EDUCATION SHOW PRESENTATION PHYSICAL COMPLICATIONS APPROACH STOOL ANTIGEN DETECTION ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY STRING ENDOSCOPY BIOPSY HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS MEDICATION SUMMARY ANTIBIOTICS MEDIA GALLERY REFERENCES MAJOR DIARRHEAL DISEASE FLAGELLATE PROTOZOAN GIARDIA INTESTINALIS CAUSATIVE IDENTIFIED INTESTINAL PARASITE THE UNITED STATES COMMON PROTOZOAL INFECTION CHILDREN CAUSE ASYMPTOMATIC COLONIZATION ACUTE CHRONIC THE ORGANISM IN AS RAW WATER PONDS FILTERED WATER COMMON CAUSE DIARRHEA GROWTH RETARDATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ZOONOSIS ANIMALS BEAVERS RESERVOIR HOST GIARDIA SPECIES MURIS AGILIS PSITTACI VOLES ENDEMIC AREAS THE WORLD THE DISEASE MORBIDITY OUTBREAKS INGESTION AS 10 CYSTS SUFFICIENT DAYCARE CENTER INSTITUTIONALIZED PATIENTS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES PARTICULARLY PEOPLE CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRAVELERS IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CERTAIN SEXUALLY ACTIVE HOMOSEXUAL MEN CYST PASSAGE RATES HIGH REPORTED INDIVIDUALS SYMPTOMATIC TRADITIONAL BASIS DIAGNOSIS IDENTIFICATION OF TROPHOZOITES INFECTED PARASITE ASSAYS STANDARD TREATMENT ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY METRONIDAZOLE ANTIBIOTIC THIS CONDITION TINIDAZOLE AGENT OUTSIDE THE UNITED SEEN THE IMAGE VIEW INTESTINAL PARASITES CASES FOOD POISONING CRITICAL IMAGES SLIDESHOWS HELP ACCURATE HISTORICAL LEEUWENHOEK VILEM DUSAN LAMBL ALFRED GIARD PREVIOUS HONORING CONTRIBUTIONS ROLE PATHOGENIC ORGANISM COMMUNITY APPEARANCE RETURNING ENDEMIC REGIONS PRIOR THAT TIME THOUGHT COMMENSAL ORGANISM TRANSMISSION CONTAMINATED WATER CONTAMINATED FOOD LESS SPREAD FAMILY MEMBERS THEMSELVES BECOMING INFECTIONS RATE THE NATURAL SETTING HEALTHY PEOPLE CARRIAGE EXCRETION HIGH NUMBERS FACTORS HYPOCHLORHYDRIA IMMUNE SYSTEM BLOOD GROUP INCUBATION PERIOD MEAN OF 9 AVERAGE DURATION SYMPTOMS ALL AGES RANGES LIFE CYCLE SIMPLEST HUMAN PARASITES THE LIFE CYCLE OF 2 TROPHOZOITE IMAGE HUMAN INTERMEDIATE HOSTS THE STOMACH DUODENUM PRESENCE ACID PANCREATIC ENZYMES PASS SMALL BOWEL MULTIPLY DOUBLING TIME LARGE BOWEL NEUTRAL BILE SALTS THE CYCLE GIARDIA LAMBLIA CONVEX DORSAL SURFACE FLAT VENTRAL SURFACE RIGID CYTOSKELETON MICROTUBULES PAIRS POSTERIORLY THE PARASITE SYMMETRIC PRODUCE CHARACTERISTIC APPEARS STAINED SUCKING ADHESIVE POWERFUL HOLDING MURINE MODEL DISK ADHESION MARKED IMPRESSIVE DIRECT INJURY THE MORE REDUCTION MICROVILLUS DISACCHARIDASE PRONOUNCED ABNORMALITIES ARCHITECTURE OVAL MEASURING NUCLEAR DIVISION RELEASE ONCE THE HOST APPEAR MINUTES EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENT ATTACH ENTEROCYTES LECTIN THE SURFACE MECHANICAL CONTINUOUS PROCESS SECRETORY VESICLES WALL PROTEINS 24 HOURS ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES MECHANISM CAUSES INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION PROBABLY FULLY POSTULATED DAMAGE ENDOTHELIAL BRUSH BORDER ENTEROTOXINS IMMUNOLOGIC ALTERED GUT MOTILITY FLUID HYPERSECRETION ADENYLATE CYCLASE EPITHELIUM LOSS INTESTINAL FLATTENING INHIBITION OVERGROWTH ENTERIC BACTERIAL FLORA INVOLVED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MODERATE VILLOUS ATROPHY JEJUNUM HISTOLOGIC SECTIONS ADDITION MUCOSAL INTESTINAL LUMEN MALABSORPTION PRODUCTION THE ABSENCE OBVIOUS LIGHT MICROSCOPIC CHANGES SMALL INTESTINAL SUGARS DISACCHARIDES VITAMINS SUBSTANTIAL HISTOPATHOLOGIC RESPONSE IMPERFECTLY CYTOPATHIC INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM FIND WHATEVER DAMAGES EPITHELIAL CELLS INCREASE CRYPT LENGTH CELL PROLIFERATION MEDIATED HOST ACTIVATION LYMPHOCYTES DISRUPTION TIGHT JUNCTIONS INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY BARRIER FUNCTION ENTEROCYTE BARRIER DYSFUNCTION CONSISTENT MICROARRAY CELLS INTERACTIONS LEAD GENES CASCADE THE FORMATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PANARO INDUCE CELL APOPTOSIS INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC PROTEIN POSSIBLE APOPTOSIS PATHOGENESIS PREVENT NITRIC COMPOUND LOCAL EFFECTIVELY SUBSTRATE ARGININE STARVATION PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH GENETICALLY DISTINCT DESIGNATED GROUP EXPLAIN THE ROLE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD STRAINS BIOLOGICALLY SUITABLE FEATURE POTENTIALLY GENOTYPICALLY DIVERSE ISOLATES ABILITY IN THE SMALL INTESTINE SOLUTE CAUSED INFECTIOUS MULTIPLE DOSE CAUSING CLINICAL DISEASE IN 8 HYGIENE PRIMARY MEANS DIAPER CHANGING INADEQUATE HAND WASHING RISK FACTORS DAY CARE HIGHER RISK OF INFECTION NUMBER EPIDEMICS GENERALLY UNFILTERED RETAIN VIABILITY COLD VENEREAL CONTAMINATION HARBOR UNITED STATES STATISTICS SYSTEMS WESTERN MOUNTAIN REGIONS ROCKY SIERRA MUST CAMP BACKPACK MOUNTAINOUS RISK FOR INFECTION IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY YODER GREATEST NORTHERN RELATED STATE SURVEILLANCE REGION YOUNGER ADULTS AGED CARRIER DOCUMENTED NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATIONS SOUTHERN MONTHS DAYCARE PERSIST REPORTING MEAN NUMBER POPULATION RANGE THE SUMMER RECREATIONAL SEASON INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE TEMPERATE TROPICAL REGIONS PREVALENCE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD OVERALL DEVELOPING WORLD INFANTS EPIDEMIC CHILDHOOD EASTERN STUDY YEARLY S