PHOTOSYNTHESIS TABLE OF CONTENTS LEAVES LEAF STRUCTURE NATURE LIGHT CHLOROPHYLL ACCESSORY PIGMENTS THE STRUCTURE CHLOROPLAST STAGES THE LIGHT DARK REACTION PATHWAY THE CARBON CYCLE LEARNING TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS LINKS THE PROCESS PROTISTANS THE ENERGY SUNLIGHT PRODUCE CELLULAR RESPIRATION CONVERTS LIVING THINGS THE CONVERSION OF UNUSABLE ENERGY USABLE CHEMICAL ENERGY THE GREEN PIGMENT MOST OF THE TIME PROCESS USES WATER OXYGEN ABSOLUTELY MUST HAVE TO STAY ALIVE NEED THE FOOD WE CAN WRITE OVERALL REACTION SPEAK ABOVE CHEMICAL EQUATION TRANSLATES MOLECULES PLUS CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE SUGAR DIAGRAM SHOWING IMAGE THE SCIENCE OF ASSOCIATES WH FREEMAN PLANTS THE ONLY ORGANISMS VIEWED SOLAR COLLECTOR CRAMMED FULL MATERIALS CARBON DIOXIDE ENTER THE CELLS LEAVE CROSS SECTION FEATURES THE STUDY GUARD CELL MESOPHYLL THE ROOT TRANSPORTED UP TO THE LEAVES PLANT CELLS XYLEM LAND PLANTS GUARD DRYING EVOLVED STRUCTURES STOMATA GAS CANNOT PASS WAXY LAYER COVERING THE LEAF OPENING PLURAL GREEK TWO GUARD LIKEWISE GASES MOVING INSIDE OUTSIDE GALLONS HOUR HOT DESERT AUTOTROPHS VICEA COPYRIGHT DENNIS WHITE LIGHT DIFFERENT COLORS PASSING WAVELENGTH DEFINED THE DISTANCE PEAK TO PEAK TROUGH LONGER LESS SHORTER THE WAVE THE ORDER COLORS DETERMINED VISIBLE LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM VISIBLE THE MORE THE VIOLET THE SPECTRUM VIOLET WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT BENDING PATH FROM ONE MATERIAL INTO ANOTHER PENCIL PARTICLE PROPERTIES THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT ZINC EXPOSED ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT POSITIVELY CHARGED LIGHT ENERGY ELECTRONS CREATE ELECTRICAL CURRENT POTASSIUM SELENIUM CRITICAL MAXIMUM CREATES PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT SUBSTANCE THE COLOR COMES COMMON EXCEPT DETECTED BLACK PIGMENTS STRIKE WHITE ALMOST ALL CHARACTERISTIC ABSORPTION SPECTRA ABSORPTION PATTERN TRANSMISSION COMPLEX MODIFICATIONS CERTAIN CHLOROPHYLL B ALGAE CAROTENOIDS REDDISH LITTLE MOLECULAR MODEL WHY NOT SO MUCH ORANGE YELLOW CHLOROPHYLLS ORIGINS THE SEA ACCOUNT DO NOT BELOW METERS DEEP IN SEA WATER ABILITY MIGHT ADVANTAGE ABLE BE IN UPPER ZONE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE THE ACTION SPECTRUM EFFECTIVENESS THINGS DISSIPATED IMMEDIATELY PHENOMENON TRIGGER CHEMICAL TRIGGERS PROTEINS EMBEDDED MEMBRANE PROKARYOTES CYANOBACTERIA ABSORPTION SPECTRUM PLANT ACTION SPECTRUM ELODEA AQUARIUM LAB EXPERIMENTS IMAGES THYLAKOID STRUCTURAL UNIT EUKARYOTES THYLAKOIDS STACKED PANCAKES STACKS COLLECTIVELY AREAS MITOCHONDRION FORMING TWO STAGE DEPENDENT DIRECT ENERGY ENERGY CARRIER INDEPENDENT DARK REACTIONS USED TO COVALENT BONDS THE DARK IN THE DARK RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS MAJOR ENZYME BY LIGHT THUS TERM SOMEWHAT MISNOMER STROMA OVERVIEW STEPS LIGHT REACTIONS IN THE LIGHT EXCITE HIGHER ENERGY STATE CONVERTED ELECTRON TRANSPORT SPLIT THE REACTION NADPH BONDS THE ATMOSPHERE CAPTURED ADDITION HYDROGEN CARBOHYDRATES FORMULA INCORPORATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CARBON FIXATION PHASE LIVING SYSTEMS CONVERT BOND ENERGY GLYCOLYSIS METABOLIC PHOTOSYSTEMS PACKED PHOTOSYSTEM II P700 P680 FUNCTION ASSOCIATION THYLAKOID MEMBRANE ACTION THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PAGE PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION CONVERTING ELECTRON PYROPHOSPHATE BOND EXCITED PRESENCE TRANSFER SIMILAR CHEMIOSMOTIC CAUSES TAKEN WATER MOLECULE BREAKING THE WATER IONS COMBINE DIATOMIC ATTACHED PRIMARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR BEGINS REDOX REACTIONS EVENTUALLY ACTS CAUSING THE ONE CONTINUOUS FLOW CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW PRIMITIVE CELLS REDUCE PUMPING DRIVEN GRADIENTS NONCYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION PRESENT VIEW LINK CHEMIOSMOTIC SYNTHESIS CHEMIOSMOSIS AS IT GROW FACULTATIVE AEROBES PURPLE RETINAL HUMAN EYE THE COMPLEX MEMBRANE PROTEINS BACTERIORHODOPSIN PROTON GRADIENT POWERS THEORY UNIVERSAL IN ALSO KNOWN AS LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS DIFFUSING THE CALVIN CYCLE RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE RUBP MELVIN CALVIN ERNEST BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY NEW AREAS DONNER RADIATION LABORATORY CHARGE WORK AT THE END THE WAR ORDER FOR JOHN STUDY AVAILABLE PLENTY TECHNIQUES PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY CALVIN COMPLETE CARBON IN NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY INFORMATION TEXT THE FALL ISSUE NEWSMAGAZINE CITATION CAPTION FALL THE ROLE FIRST STEPS STABLE PRODUCT ATTACH GLYCERALDEHYDE PHOSPHATE THE CYCLE PGAL REFORM START REMEMBER COMPLEXITY DEVELOPED STEP PREAMBLE OXALOACETIC ACID MALIC ACID MESOPHYLL CELL BROKEN DOWN RETURNING SUGARS ADJACENT VEINS THE SEPARATION CARBOHYDRATE SPACE AND TIME THE CAPTURE MEDIATED PEP CARBOXYLASE STRONGER AFFINITY RUBP CARBOXYLASE DECLINE THE THRESHOLD THE PRODUCT GLYCOLIC ACID PHOTORESPIRATION NEITHER NADH CLOSE TOGETHER HAD TO ARTIFICIALLY RAISING CONCENTRATION PREVENT THE TROPICS TEMPERATURES CRABGRASS NOTE FUNCTIONS THE CHEMICALS LEADING SCIENTISTS HYPOTHESIZE TIMES IN RESPONSE TYPE EVOLUTION CONVERGENT EVOLUTION DIFFERENCES LEAF ANATOMY CARBON SINKS OCEANS ORGANIC CHEMICALS QUICKLY ANIMALS PRODUCERS DERIVE CHEMICALS THE BALANCE THE PLANT CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL ANIMAL CARBON GENERATION THE FORMATION OF CARBONATES EQUILIBRIUM FOSSIL PETROLEUM FUELS PEAT WOOD FOSSIL FUELS ORGANIC PROCESSES TREMENDOUS CARBON SINK HUMAN ACTIVITY IN