MONTEZUMA CASTLE HISTORY OF CLIFF DWELLING CLIFF CHUCK AUTHOR ALCOVE BELOW CASTLE ATTRIBUTED AZTEC FACT ARIZONA THE LAST THE UNION STATE ALASKA HAWAII THE ONLY RICH COLORFUL GEOLOGY THE MANY HISTORIC THE ANCIENT MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL PHOENIX THE CLIFF DWELLING NEVER CONNECTION SIXTEENTH CENTURY AZTEC EMPEROR MONTEZUMA II ARMY TROOPS SETTLERS MOVING SETTLING AREA VERDE VALLEY THE SITE CALLING MONTEZUMAS CASTLE MISTAKEN BELIEF THE AZTECS BELIEVED SIMILAR STRUCTURES THE AMERICAN AMERICANS ASSOCIATE PUEBLO STYLE SOUTHWEST REPORT SPANISH VISIT CASA GRANDE RUINS CASA GRANDE NATIONAL MONUMENT THE RUINS THE HOUSE THE MEXICAN WAR ACQUISITION THE TERRITORY ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA THE SOLDIERS VETERANS FAMILIAR PHRASE HALLS OF MONTEZUMA ATTACK MEXICO CITY CAPITAL CORTEZ CONQUEST OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE ADDITION SOLDIERS BOASTING TAKEN THE WAR THE HEART POPULAR CONQUEST OF MEXICO PUBLISHED WALTER PRESCOTT EMPEROR AZTEC EMPIRE THE EARLY SPECULATED TOLTEC COME FROM THE NORTHWEST RUINS TOLTECS BOOKS WRITTEN RECENTLY TWENTIETH BUILDING ARCHAEOLOGISTS PROVED MONTEZUMA WELL LAKE MONTEZUMA NAME AMERICAN INHABITANTS LOOKING ORIGINS BUILDERS THE CASTLE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE SOUTHERN SINAGUA PEOPLE DEVELOPED ADVANCED CULTURE ON FARMING THEORY HOLDS GROUP OF PEOPLE ELSE THE GROUP FLAGSTAFF GROUP SOUTH NORTHERN SETTLED SIMPLY EVOLVED CULTURE THE VARIOUS PEOPLES LIVING THE WELL WATERED LUSH HUMANS THE PAST THE YEAR WANDERING BANDS HUNTER THE SEVENTH DEVELOP SUPPLEMENT DIETS HUNTING AND GATHERING FARMS REGULAR BEGIN BUILD PERMANENT START SOPHISTICATED TOOLS THEIR LIVES COMFORTABLE THIS WAS SINAGUA CULTURE WHETHER BAND OUTSIDE ALREADY NOMADIC IN THE VALLEY ORIGINAL APPEAR HOMES HOUSES UNDERGROUND ABOVE GROUND THE CENTRAL PHOTOS SHOW THE REMAINS THE FLOOR PIT HOUSE PICTURE RENDERING WHAT IT SMALLER THAN ARCHEOLOGISTS SPECULATE COMMUNAL CEREMONIES MULTIPLE DATES NEARBY NATIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN DRAWING EXISTED SIGN NATIONAL MONUMENT REMAINS FLOOR HOLES SIZE COMMUNITY BEGINNING SOMETIME STRUCTURE WHAT REMAINS ROOMS SITTING THE ALCOVE 100 FEET ABOVE BEAVER CREEK CANYON ATTACHED THE FACE WALL THE WEST YARDS WEST CALL THE FIVE STORIES THE CANYON BEAMS TODAY ROWS THE ORIGINAL SOCKET LINES ROOF LOCATION ONCE APPEARS FIRE ABANDONED SIGNS WARFARE DETECTED CAUSE THE FIRE ACCIDENTAL NATURAL CAUSE MY WIFE STANDING THE ROOMS HUNDRED BEAVER RIVER BEAVER CREEK YEAR ROUND SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY THE MAJOR FACTORS DECISION SETTLE SOURCES WATER ACTUALLY LIMESTONE CAVERN SPRINGS RATE GALLONS THIS WATER FLOWS AS IT PAST BEGINS TUZIGOOT LEFT CLOSE EIGHT CENTURIES LIVED NO SIGN MAJOR NATURAL DISASTERS EXPLAIN DISAPPEARANCE EVIDENCE BELIEVE THE DESTRUCTION OF NEIGHBORING HOHOKAM FARM IRRIGATION SYSTEMS PHOENIX AREA FLOODING DRIVEN RAIDING TRIBES TO THE NORTH FARMING MONTEZUMA CULTIVATING FIELDS DECLINE PERIOD THE MIDDLE TRADE ROUTES THE PRESENT DAY FOUR THE BORDERS COLORADO NEW MEXICO THE PACIFIC COAST NORTHWESTERN MEXICO INVOLVED TRADE SYSTEM SAME TIME ECONOMY MAGNITUDE FACTOR THE DECLINE SUDDENLY THE CULTURE DECLINED DISAPPEARED OVER TIME NORTH MERGED IN FACT HOPI CLANS CLAIM DESCENT BEHIND HUNTER GATHER INTO THE VALLEY THAT TIME YAVAPAI LIVE IN LEFT ALONE STOOD WASNT EXPEDITION ANTONIO DE ESPEJO IN SEARCH OF GOLD THE EXPEDITION THE JOURNAL OF DIEGO PREZ TRAVELED SAW SEEN THE NEXT EUROPEAN SPANIARD MARCOS FARFN DE LOS GODOS DISPATCHED DON JUAN DE OATE LOOK SILVER MINES COMPANIONS FARFN ALMOST ROUTE MENTION ANYTHING ROOM INSIDE ARRIVAL TRIP NO OTHER RECORD EUROPEANS 1820S FUR TRAPPERS YOUNG TRAP AREAS COUPLE DECADES AMERICAN TROOPS THE VALLEY PUTTING DOWN AT THIS TIME INCREASINGLY TAKE AWAY ABANDONED BUILDING WHOSE NO ONE FREE THE TAKING VEGETATION CANYON CONCERN PRESERVATION IN THE WEST THE AMERICAN WEST OPEN TRAVEL QUARTER THE NINETEENTH CENTURY INTEREST ECONOMIC GROWTH TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION EASIER JOURNALISTS TOURISTS SOUTHWESTERN INCREASING NUMBERS ILLUSTRATED READ THE REST HERITAGE PROBLEM OWNED ANYONE VAST WESTERN PUBLIC LANDS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESOURCES INCENTIVE PROTECT CONGRESS ANTIQUITIES ACT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY THE GOVERNMENT STEPS PRESERVE IN RESPONSE LOBBYING CONCERNED CITIZENS ANTIQUITIES ACT OF 1906 PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT SIGNED INTO LAW PERSON SHALL DESTROY PREHISTORIC OBJECT SITUATED LANDS WITHOUT PERMISSION FINED NO MORE SENTENCED UP TO 90 DAYS THE PRESIDENT DECLARE PROCLAMATION SCIENTIFIC THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED RESERVE LIMITS CASES PROPER CARE MANAGEMENT TRACT BONAFIDE IN PRIVATE SO MUCH NECESSARY SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR AGRICULTURE EXCAVATION ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES GATHERING ANTIQUITY THREE DEPARTMENTS DETERMINE EXCAVATIONS WERE TO LIMITED UNIVERSITIES EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PURPOSE IN PUBLIC PRIOR BECOMING ONE THE PASSAGE PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE LAND LIMITING ACCESS TERRITORY LITTLE CLOUT PRIVATE THE NATION LOBBIED DRAFT MONTEZUMA NATIONAL MONUMENT THE SECRETARY THE INTERIOR MONTHS SIGNED STONE GRIND DISTINCTION DESIGNATED NATIONAL MONUMENTS PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT PROCLAMATIONS ROCK FORMATION INSCRIPTIONS SPANIS