THE SPANISH ARMADA FORTUNATE NAVY SPANISH FLEET SHIPS IN AUGUST THE COMMAND THE DUKE MEDINA SIDONIA PURPOSE ARMY FLANDERS STRATEGIC WAS TO OVERTHROW QUEEN ELIZABETH I OF ENGLAND TUDOR ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTESTANTISM IN ENGLAND EXPECTATION STOP ENGLISH SPANISH NETHERLANDS HARM CAUSED DUTCH PRIVATEERING THE ARMADA CHOSE ATTACK THE ENGLISH PLYMOUTH FAILED ANCHORAGE THE SOLENT SHIP CAPTURED FRANCIS DRAKE THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FINALLY ANCHOR CALAIS AWAITING COMMUNICATIONS PARMA SCATTERED FIRESHIP BATTLE OF GRAVELINES DAMAGED FORCED RENDEZVOUS BLOCKADED HARBOUR FLYBOAT REGROUP DRIVEN SOUTHWEST THE EAST COAST THE COMMANDER RETURN STORMS THE NORTH ATLANTIC LARGE NUMBER WRECKED SCOTLAND INITIAL MARTIN PARKER PHILIP II ATTEMPTED PLANS ALLIES THE EXPEDITION LARGEST ENGAGEMENT UNDECLARED WAR ENGLAND ORGANISED SIMILAR CAMPAIGN ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES SAW THE LOSS LIVES THE WORD ARMADA COGNATE ENGLISH ARMY LATIN THE PAST PARTICIPLE ROMANCE LANGUAGES ARMED TERM THE MODERN SPANISH NAVY HENRY VIII THE ENGLISH REFORMATION POLITICAL EXERCISE DESIRE DIVORCE CATHERINE OF ARAGON OVER TIME INCREASINGLY THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION TAKING REIGN HENRYS EDWARD VI EDWARDS DEATH HEIR DAUGHTER DEVOUT PHILIP II OF SPAIN ROMAN INFLUENCE OVER CHURCH ATTEMPTS PEOPLE BURNED AT THE STAKE NICKNAME BLOODY MARYS ELIZABETH REFORMIST QUICKLY LONGER HERETIC ILLEGITIMATE RULER ROMAN HENRY NEVER OFFICIALLY DIVORCED ALLEGED PHILLIP CATHOLIC COUSIN HEIR PRESUMPTIVE QUEEN OF SCOTS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS IMPRISONED EXECUTED PHILIP THE DUTCH REVOLT FUNDING PRIVATEER RAID ACROSS THE ATLANTIC RETALIATION PLANNED EXPEDITION ORDER MATERIAL SUPPORT THE UNITED PROVINCES THE LOW COUNTRIES SECEDED RULE CUT OFF TRADE THE NEW WORLD THE KING POPE SIXTUS V THE INVASION CRUSADE THE PROMISE SUBSIDY SHOULD CADIZ THIRTY SETTING TRIPLE CAPTURE THE ISLE OF WIGHT SOUTHAMPTON SAFE FOLLOW CROSSING MOUNTING INVASION COSTS POSTPONE COMMANDER EXPERIENCED MARQUIS SANTA CRUZ DIED COURTIER SOLDIER DISTINGUISHED NAVAL GRAVE THIS WAS REACHING COURTIERS GOD ENSURE PRIOR UNDERTAKING COLLECT TAXES INDULGENCE THE BLESSING BANNER CEREMONY THE BATTLE OF LEPANTO SAIL LISBON SAILORS BORE BRASS GUNS IRON FULL BODY TWO DAYS LEAVE TWENTY EIGHT TWENTY GALLEON GALLEY GALLEASS THE REMAINDER HEAVY CARRACK LIGHT SHIPS SOLDIERS THE ARRIVAL THE PLAN THE COVER WARSHIPS BARGES TO A PLACE WERE TO HUGE THAT TIME THE DAY AMBASSADOR VALENTINE DALE PEACE VAIN INTERCEPT THE BAY OF BISCAY NEGOTIATIONS STOOD OUTNUMBERED AVAILABLE FIREPOWER MORE THAN THAT THE ROYAL GALLEONS TONS UP TO PRIVATEERS OWNED LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM SIR JOHN HAWKINS SIR FRANCIS DRAKE DELAYED BAD WEATHER FORCING GALLEYS LIZARD CORNWALL THE NEWS LONDON SYSTEM BEACON ALL THE WAY THE SOUTH TRAPPED INCOMING TIDE COUNCIL OF WAR WHERE IT RIDE THE TIDE DEFENDING DECLINED VICE ADMIRAL HOWARD CEDED CONTROL EXPERIENCE IN BATTLE REAR ADMIRAL EDDYSTONE ROCKS UPWIND EXECUTE THUS GAINING THE WEATHER GAGE DAYBREAK ENGAGED CONVEX CONCENTRATED THE CENTRE TIPS THE CRESCENTS COVER THE TRANSPORTS SUPPLY DRAKE TO THE NORTH BULK ADVANTAGE SUPERIOR SPEED KEEP BEYOND GRAPPLING RANGE FROM A DISTANCE CANNON THE DISTANCE AT THE END FIRST DAYS FIGHTING NEITHER ROSARIO SAN SALVADOR ABANDONED NIGHT TURNED LOOT MEANS THE LANTERN AWAY THE ABANDONED THE REST COMPLETE ENTIRE DAYS CATCH UP ONCE PORTLAND THIS TIME CHANGE WIND GAVE CLOSE FOILED SMALLER GREATER ONE POINT LINE OF BATTLE AT CLOSE RANGE LITTLE CREATE PROTECTED WATERS STRAIT WAIT THERE FOR WORD BROKE MARTIN FROBISHER COMMAND SQUADRON FORCE THE CRITICAL MOMENT SENT SOUTH OPEN SEA OWERS SHOALS NO OTHER HARBOURS EAST ENGLANDS COMPELLED ABLE CRESCENT DUNKIRK REDUCED DISEASE READY JOIN PORTS FLEMISH COMMUNICATION PROVEN ANTICIPATED SUFFICIENT TRANSPORT PROCESS WAITED NASSAU WANTED SEND LIGHT PATACHE DRIVE FEARED MIGHT NEED PORT SHELTER ALWAYS MAJOR THEMSELVES DREW DEEPER THEREFORE NAVAL SUPERIORITY THESE WATERS EVEN THOUGH ESSENTIAL ELEMENT AS IT EVENTUALLY THE TRANSPORTATION ARMY OF FLANDERS HAVE TO CROSS THE ZONE PROBLEM SEEMS OVERLOOKED REAL VICTORY AT SEA THE DROWNING MIND FIGHT AT MIDNIGHT ALIGHT EIGHT FIRESHIPS SACRIFICING REGULAR FILLING BRIMSTONE DOWNWIND HELLBURNERS USED TO THE SIEGE ANTWERP INTERCEPTED TOWED DOWN MEDINA PRINCIPAL CUT CABLES THE CRESCENT FORMATION ITSELF TOO FAR LEEWARD THE RISING RECOVER CLOSED IN GRAVELINES THE BORDER FRANCE TERRITORY DUKE TRIED DANGER ENEMIES THE SEA MARK LEARNED STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES NECESSARY YARDS THE OAK SPENT ENGAGEMENTS CONSERVE SHOT POWDER RUN IN RELOADING SPACING DISCOVERED THE GUNNERS JUMPED TASK MARINES BOARD ENEMY THE PRACTICE NAVAL WARFARE IN FACT EVIDENCE WRECKS IRELAND SHOWS AMMUNITION RATHER FIRE PROVED WEAKNESS EFFECTIVE BATTLES LEPANTO PONTA DELGADA AWARE STRENGTH SUPERIOR OUT OF RANGE FIRING BROADSIDES THE ENEMY POSITION WINDWARD HEELING EXPOSED DAMAGE BELOW WATER LINE WOUNDED THE TASK THE CANNON FELL FOOT SOLDIERS KNOW HOW OPERATE CLOSE ENOUGH UPPER EXCHANGE MUSKET AFTER EIGHT RUN OUT LOADING CHAINS LAST SHOTS PULL HUGO AGROUND TAKEN POSSESSION MATEO SAN FELI