HISTORY OF GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL RAIL TERMS DEPOTS INFRASTRUCTURE ROLLING CAR THE SITE TRAINS FROM THE ASHES NEW YORK NEW YORK CITY LANDMARK WORLD FAMOUS THE GOLDEN AGE RAIL TRAVEL THE POWER SCOPE RAILROADS THAT TIME TERMINAL MASTERPIECE ARCHITECTURE GIFT MONUMENT FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT SPRANG NEED TO MEET THE RISING DEMAND RAIL SERVICE NO OTHER MODE OF TRANSPORTATION FAST EFFICIENT BRIAN SOLOMON NOTES STATIONS THE FUTURE HANDLE MUCH MORE TRAFFIC THAT WHICH EXISTED THE HISTORY OF DOWNTOWN MANHATTAN THE CURRENT PRIOR WORLD WAR TRAVELING PUBLIC ABANDONED MODES OF TRANSPORTATION WAR II MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURE DANGER DEMOLISHED THE WAKE PENN DEMISE BUILDING EVENTUALLY RESTORED THE PUBLIC HERITAGE ENTRY RAILROAD GREATER NEW YORK CITY REGION THE MIGHTY MANHATTAN ISLAND ONCE LINES RADIATING NORTHWARD OUT OF THE CITY PEAK BOASTED ROUTE MILES MAIN LINE WATER LEVEL ROUTE THE ENVY OF THE INDUSTRY FEATURING UNPRECEDENTED TRACKS ROUTES PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD DOMINANCE DIRECTIONS LEADING RIVALRY LASTED DECADES CENTRAL MERGER YORK CENTRAL PREDECESSOR MOHAWK HUDSON SERVICE IN AUGUST ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY COMPONENTS ATTICA AUBURN BUFFALO ROCHESTER LOCKPORT NIAGARA SCHENECTADY SYRACUSE TONAWANDA RAILROAD UTICA SYSTEMS THROUGH ROUTE THE STATE CAPITAL ERIE MIKE SCHAFER SCHEDULED DISCUSSIONS POSSIBLE POWERFUL CANAL LOBBY ALBANY BUSINESSMAN ERASTUS CORNING THE GROUP THE BLESSING LEGISLATURE NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD CORNING PRESIDENT OF THE CIVIL WAR HELPED STEEL 20TH CENTURY LIMITED YORK STATE EXPRESS SHORE CLEVELAND STATE DETROIT HISTORY OF THE NEW YORK CENTRAL SYSTEM SOUTH ANCESTRY PRINCIPAL HARLEM HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD SERVE CHARTERED SOON 23RD STREET RIVER NORTHERN EDGE THE ISLAND RUNNING THE EAST BEYOND SUBSEQUENTLY PUSHED FURTHER NORTH REACHING FORDHAM WHITE PLAINS CONNECTICUT MASSACHUSETTS FINALLY TERMINATED CHATHAM CONNECTION THE WESTERN BOSTON FUTURE COMPONENT LATECOMER CONCERNED LACK HRRR BY JOHN TUNNELS THANKS TO ENGINEERING SKILLS THE GRADE NEARLY LEVEL NICKNAME SEVEN YEARS CONSTRUCTION OPPOSITION OWNERS THE WEST MANHATTAN REACHED THE END OF THAT MILE CORNELIUS ENTER WHOSE NAME REMAINS SYNONYMOUS THE AGE FERRY STATEN ISLAND BUSINESS STEAMSHIP OPERATION COMMODORE LARGEST SCHOONER WORTH DOLLARS SHIPPING INDUSTRY TRANSPORTATION THE RAILROAD ACQUIRED CONTROL OWNED CONTROLLING INTEREST THE COMMODORE THE ORIGINAL NEW YORK CENTRAL NEW COMPANY MERGED INTO THE NEW ENDEAVOR QUICKLY UNDERSTOOD NEED CENTRALIZED PASSENGER GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT GRAND CENTRAL STATION FACILITY 30TH STREET THE NEW YORK TIMES CHRISTOPHER GRAY FOURTH AVENUE 26TH STREET ROBERT CAUGHT FIRE THE NORTHWEST CORNER 4TH AVENUE CASTLE FORTRESS SQUARE NEW HAVEN DEPOT NEARBY THE SOUTHWEST 27TH STREET POINT OUT IN STREAMLINED THE NEED ORDINANCE STEAM LOCOMOTIVES 42ND UNUSABLE WORK DOWNTOWN ARCHITECT SNOOK FINANCIAL BACKING FRENCH SECOND EMPIRE STYLE FRENCH RENAISSANCE BRICK STONE ELEMENTS STATION MASSIVE TRAIN SHED AFTER THIS ENGLISH THE STRUCTURE FEET 100 FEET TALL ENCLOSING TWELVE HANDLED OPENING RAIL TRAFFIC INCREASE 19TH CENTURY SHOCKED CIVIL CARRYING GRADE SEPARATION PROJECTS COMMUTER 1880S PROJECT ATTEMPTED CONGESTION ADDING SEVEN YARD MOTT HAVEN MAJOR RENOVATION EXISTING DAILY THE STATION CLEAR PLANNING UNDERWAY ACCIDENT INSIDE THE PARK AVENUE TUNNEL INBOUND TRAIN MISSED STOP SIGNAL PLOWED FULLY LOADED COMMUTER TRAIN CAUSE HEAVY SMOKE VISION OUTCRY BANNED CHIEF ENGINEER WILLIAM WILGUS ELECTRIFICATION PLAN DESIGN BALTIMORE ELECTRIFICATION OF HOWARD STREET TUNNEL SYSTEM ENERGIZED WOOD PLANK REDUCED ACCIDENTAL KEPT DEBRIS LAUNCHED HIGH BRIDGE HARLEM LINE PUTNAM DIVISION ELECTRIFIED COMPETITION ARCHITECTS SUBMITTED DESIGNS THE NEW GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL THE ULTIMATE WINNER REED STEM ALLEN FIRM MINNESOTA WARREN CHARLES THE MASSIVE PENNSYLVANIA STATION CHANGES KEEP OPEN THIS TIME PLANNED INTO THE FUTURE RAMPS TRAFFIC FLOW CHARLES REED ELEVATED THE FEW STAIRCASES WIDE PARK AVENUE PASS AWAY LEAVING FINISH COLOSSAL BEAUX ARTS STYLE EXTERIOR INDIANA LIMESTONE STONY CREEK GRANITE SCULPTURES FACADE FACING THE ROMAN GODS GODDESS HERCULES JOHN DONNELLY SURROUND ADDITION SUNLIGHT FILTER OPEN SPACE ITSELF LENGTH THE CEILING TOWERS THE FLOOR THE CONCOURSE PHOTOGRAPHED AREA SITUATED THE INFORMATION BOOTH SITTING YOUR ORDINARY ARTIST PAUL CESAR HELLEU FRANCE HIRED SCULPT WORK OF ART TRAVELERS THE STARS THE SCENE FIBER OPTICS IMPRESSIVE ENGINEER FEATS EMPLOYMENT CONCOURSE COMMUTERS UNDERGROUND RAIL YARD FORESIGHT PROVE THE AUTOMOBILE REACH WORLD WAR II WITNESSING HALLS CONSTELLATION CONTROVERSY PAUL HELLEU CEILING IMMEDIATELY DREW ADMIRATION CAUSED THE CONSTELLATIONS REAL ASIDE ORION ENTIRE SCENE SEEN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION CONSTELLATIONS TAURUS GEMINI RELATION IN THE NIGHT NO ONE EVER THE ARTIST TECHNICAL ERROR NEVER THE YEARS SURE LOOK DARK ODDITY LEFT RESTORERS SHOW AMOUNT GRIME LEFT BEHIND SMOKING INSIDE COST TOTAL THE PRICE JUSTIFIED VOLUMES THE STROKE MIDNIGHT RIDERSHIP 1920S NUMBER DOWNTURN THE GREAT DEPRESSION DOZENS PARTICULARLY THE LAST NAMES THE 20TH CENTURY COMMODO