THE HISTORY OF CANADA COVERS PERIOD THE ARRIVAL THOUSANDS YEARS AGO THE PRESENT MILLENNIA ABORIGINAL PEOPLES DISTINCT TRADE SPIRITUAL SOCIAL CIVILIZATIONS THE FIRST EUROPEAN DISCOVERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL LAWS ENACTED EUROPEAN SETTLERS BEGINNING FRENCH BRITISH EXPEDITIONS THE ATLANTIC COAST FRANCE CEDED NEARLY COLONIES NORTH AMERICA BRITAIN THE SEVEN WAR THE UNION CONFEDERATION FEDERAL DOMINION FOUR PROVINCES ACCRETION PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES PROCESS INCREASING AUTONOMY THE BRITISH EMPIRE THE STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER CANADA ACT SEVERED LEGAL DEPENDENCE BRITISH PARLIAMENT CENTURIES ELEMENTS RECENT IMMIGRANT CUSTOMS CANADIAN CULTURE GEOGRAPHIC ECONOMIC THE UNITED STATES THE CONCLUSION THE SECOND WORLD WAR CANADIANS MULTILATERALISM SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROVINCES TERRITORIES GOVERNED PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY QUEEN ELIZABETH II HEAD OF STATE ARCHEOLOGICAL GENETIC EVIDENCE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA THE LAST CONTINENTS HUMANS WISCONSIN GLACIATION FALLING SEA LEVELS PEOPLE MOVE BERING LAND BRIDGE BERINGIA SIBERIA NORTHWEST NORTH AT THAT POINT BLOCKED LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET ALASKA THE YUKON EXACT DATES ROUTES PEOPLING OF THE AMERICAS SUBJECT ONGOING GLACIAL MELT SOUTH EAST THE QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS OLD CROW FLATS BLUEFISH CAVES ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN ICE AGE LEFT LITHIC FLAKE FLUTED STONE TOOLS THE REMAINS BUTCHERED THE NORTH AMERICAN CLIMATE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SIMILAR MODERN PATTERNS GLACIAL ICE SHEETS LAKES POPULATION ARCHAIC PERIOD MOBILE FOCUS RESOURCES AVAILABLE LOCALLY THUS THE PASSAGE PATTERN REGIONAL GENERALIZATION PLANO MARITIME ARCHAIC WOODLAND CULTURAL REGIONS INTRODUCTION POTTERY DISTINGUISHES WOODLAND CULTURE PREVIOUS INHABITANTS ONTARIO DATE HOPEWELL TRADITION ABORIGINAL CULTURE FLOURISHED AMERICAN RIVERS GREATEST HOPEWELL EXCHANGE SYSTEM CONNECTED CULTURES SOCIETIES PEOPLES THE CANADIAN SHORES LAKE ONTARIO CANADIAN EXPRESSION THE POINT PENINSULA LAUREL EASTERN WOODLAND AREAS ALGONQUIAN IROQUOIAN PEOPLES LANGUAGE BELIEVED THE WESTERN PLATEAU IDAHO MONTANA EASTWARD EVENTUALLY ALL THE WAY HUDSON BAY TODAY NOVA SCOTIA THE EAST TIDEWATER REGION OF VIRGINIA EASTERN ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGES MIKMAQ ABENAKI REGION EXTINCT BEOTHUK NEWFOUNDLAND OJIBWA ANISHINAABE THE CENTRAL ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGES RETAIN ORAL TRADITION LANDS CENTRAL GREAT LAKES FROM THE SEA COUNCIL OF THREE FIRES ODAWA POTAWATOMI IROQUOIS NORTHERN NEW YORK INFLUENCE SOUTHERN ONTARIO MONTREAL AREA CONFEDERACY THE GREAT PLAINS CREE SPOKE RELATED CENTRAL ALGONQUIAN PLAINS CREE LANGUAGE VAST HERDS BISON SUPPLY FOOD THE NORTHWEST LANGUAGES ATHAPASKAN TLINGIT LIVED THE ISLANDS SOUTHERN ALASKA NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA LANGUAGE GROUP YENISEIAN LANGUAGES THE DENE ARCTIC WAVE MIGRATION ASIA THE INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA SALISHAN LANGUAGE SHUSWAP OKANAGAN SOUTHERN ATHABASKAN LANGUAGE DAKELH TSILHQOTIN INLETS VALLEYS BRITISH COLUMBIA COAST SHELTERED KWAKWAKAWAKW SUSTAINED SALMON SHELLFISH DEVELOPED COMPLEX DEPENDENT RED CEDAR WOODEN SEAGOING WHALING CANOES POTLATCH TOTEM POLES THE ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO DORSET WHOSE CULTURE THE ANCESTORS INUIT INUIT MYTHOLOGY DRIVEN TUNIIT TRADITIONAL WESTERN LAW CUSTOMARY LAW SOCIETY SYSTEM REPORTS CONTACT VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS THE AGE OF DISCOVERY FIRST NATIONS NORSE SETTLED GREENLAND THE YEAR SETTLEMENT LANSE AUX MEADOWS DATING ESTIMATE CONNECTION ATTEMPTED COLONY VINLAND LEIF ERIKSON NORSE EXPLORATION OF THE AMERICAS LETTERS PATENT KING HENRY VII JOHN CABOT THE VIKINGS NORTHERN LOCATION TRADITION FIRST LANDING SITE CAPE BONAVISTA CABOT SEBASTIAN CABOT FIND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE EXPLORERS SAIL OUT ENGLAND THE DETAILS THE TREATY TORDESILLAS SPANISH CROWN CLAIMED TERRITORIAL RIGHTS BY JOHN PORTUGUESE EXPLORERS FERNANDES CONTINUE THE NORTH ATLANTIC APPEARANCE LABRADOR TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS BROTHERS THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE KING MANUEL I OF PORTUGAL TAXES COD FISHERIES FISHING OUTPOSTS PORTUGUESE FOCUSING EXTENT NATURE ACTIVITY MAINLAND THE CENTURY REMAINS INTEREST THE NEW WORLD FRANCIS I OF FRANCE GIOVANNI DA VERRAZZANO THE REGION FLORIDA HOPES FINDING ROUTE THE PACIFIC JACQUES CARTIER PLANTED CROSS THE LAND NAME FRANCIS COLONIZATION ATTEMPTS BY CARTIER CHARLESBOURG SABLE ISLAND MARQUIS DE LA ROCHE TADOUSSAC QUEBEC DU PONT INITIAL SAIL LAWRENCE RIVER TRADING ALLIANCES NORTH AMERICAN FUR TRADE MONOPOLY PIERRE SIEUR DE MONTS THE FUR VENTURES COLONIZATION EXPEDITION ISLAND THE MOUTH LIEUTENANTS GEOGRAPHER SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN MAJOR EXPLORATION NORTHEASTERN COASTLINE THE UNITED THE SPRING PORT ROYAL ANNAPOLIS ROYAL CHAMPLAIN QUEBEC CITY PERMANENT THE CAPITAL NEW FRANCE PERSONAL ADMINISTRATION SENT EXPLORE HIMSELF LAKE CHAMPLAIN CANOE OTTAWA RIVER LAKE NIPISSING GEORGIAN BAY THE CENTRE HURON COUNTRY LAKE SIMCOE AIDED BATTLES ENEMIES INVOLVED MULTIPLE FRENCH AND IROQUOIS WARS THE GREAT PEACE OF MONTREAL HUMPHREY GILBERT IN AS FIRST NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH ROYAL PREROGATIVE QUEEN ELIZABETH REIGN KING JAMES THE ENGLISH CUPIDS FERRYLAND SOON VIRGINIA CHARTER FOUNDATION NEW WORLD SCOTTISH COLONY SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER