CURRENCY WIKIPEDIA OPEN SEARCH EDIT MIDDLE THE WORD MONEY CIRCULATION MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE BANKNOTES GENERAL DEFINITION SYSTEM IN COMMON US DOLLARS BRITISH POUNDS AUSTRALIAN DOLLARS EUROPEAN EUROS CURRENCIES STORES OF VALUE TRADED NATIONS FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS DETERMINE RELATIVE VALUES SENSE DEFINED TYPE LIMITED BOUNDARIES DEFINITIONS OF THE TERM DISCUSSED SYNONYMOUS SYSTEMS TOPIC CLASSIFIED MONETARY FIAT MONEY COMMODITY MONEY GUARANTEES VALUE ECONOMY AT LARGE PHYSICAL METAL LEGAL TENDER CERTAIN POLITICAL MEANS CANNOT REFUSED PAYMENT SIMPLY ECONOMIC VALUE DIGITAL CURRENCY ARISEN POPULARITY COMPUTERS SECTION CITE PLEASE HELP IMPROVE ADDING RELIABLE SOURCES MATERIAL REMOVE TEMPLATE COWRY SHELLS ARAB EVOLVED RECEIPT REPRESENTING GRAIN TEMPLE GRANARIES SUMER ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA ANCIENT FIRST STAGE METALS SYMBOLS BASIS TRADE IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT COLLAPSE NEAR EASTERN TRADING SYSTEM NO PLACE SAFE MEDIUM SOUND TRADE REACH CREDIBILITY THE LATE BRONZE AGE SAFE PASSAGE MERCHANTS EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN MINOAN CRETE MYCENAE THE NORTHWEST ELAM BAHRAIN THOUGHT INGOTS IN CYPRUS INCREASE PIRACY RAIDING BRONZE AGE COLLAPSE PEOPLES OF THE SEA OXHIDE INGOTS RECOVERY PHOENICIAN CENTURIES SAW RETURN APPEARANCE REAL ANATOLIA CROESUS OF LYDIA SUBSEQUENTLY THE GREEKS IN AFRICA MANILLA CURRENCY OCHRE EARTH MANILLA RINGS WEST AFRICA THE 15TH SELL AFRICAN BARTER MAIN ARTICLE COIN FACTORS TO THE METAL ITSELF THE STORE SILVER ONE POINT COPPER COINS THIS WAS TAKING PRECIOUS METAL COINS HELPED LEAD PRINCIPLE THE NEXT TESTED FINE WEIGHT THUS MAJOR ECONOMIES COINAGE TIERS GOLD COINS THE MILITARY STATE ACCOUNT SILVER COINS CONTRACTS FEALTY MIXTURE DEBASEMENT EVERYDAY ANCIENT INDIA MAHAJANAPADAS EXACT RATIO ERAS THE OPENING SILVER MINES THE HARZ MOUNTAINS CENTRAL EUROPE LESS THE FLOOD NEW WORLD SPANISH GOLD LIKEWISE WORTH PAPER BANKNOTE PREMODERN THE NEED CREDIT PHYSICALLY CUMBERSOME LARGE NUMBERS INTRODUCTION GRADUAL PROCESS LASTED TANG DYNASTY THE SONG DYNASTY EXCHANGE HEAVY DEPOSIT PROMISSORY NOTES WHOLESALERS NOTES VALID TEMPORARY USE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT CIRCULATE TRADERS MONOPOLIZED SALT SONG SHOPS THE RIGHT ISSUE THE EARLY THE GOVERNMENT FINALLY PRODUCE LOCALLY STANDARD UNIFORM GOVERNMENT ISSUE PAPER MONEY ALREADY WOODBLOCK PRINTING PI SHENG MOVABLE TYPE PRINTING IMPETUS THE MASS PRODUCTION SONG DYNASTY SAME TIME MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC WORLD MONETARY ECONOMY STABLE INNOVATIONS MUSLIM USES THE TRANSFER BANKING INSTITUTIONS LOANS REGULAR SWEDEN WASHINGTON IRVING EMERGENCY SIEGE THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA RICH WEIGHING ADVANTAGES PAPER CURRENCY REDUCED TRANSPORT UNDERLYING NEVER LEFT THE POSSESSION SOMEONE ELSE DIVISION THE SALE STOCK REDEMPTION SHARES NOTE INTRINSIC VALUE NOTHING STOP AUTHORITIES PRINTING THE MONEY INFLATIONARY FACT DAVID HUME THE 18TH CENTURY PEOPLE DEMANDING HARD MONEY CAUSING DEMAND FALL THEREFORE MAINTAINING STANDING ARMY SUSPICION HOSTILITY CAPITAL CREATION MINTS PRINT MONEY MINT COINS BRANCHES TREASURY COLLECT TAXES HOLD THAT TIME ACCEPTED GOVERNMENTS THE INSTABILITY THE RATIO THE COURSE SUPPLY PARTICULARLY THE PARALLEL BIMETALLISM ATTEMPT CREATE BIMETALLIC STANDARD BACKED CURRENCY POINT INSTRUMENT THE UNITED STATES MILITARY TERMS LIMITING AMOUNT MINIMUM INDUSTRIALIZING PRIVATE BANKS THE WORLD THE GOLD OUT IN ALL AROUND THE WORLD GENERALLY IN TIMES WAR FINANCIAL CRISIS BEGINNING THE 20TH CENTURY LATE 20TH CENTURY THE REGIME FLOATING FIAT CURRENCIES CAME INTO FORCE THE LAST BREAK AWAY THE GOLD STANDARD ACTION NIXON SHOCK NO COUNTRY ENFORCEABLE GOLD STANDARD SILVER STANDARD FIAT CURRENCY BILL MAKE UP CASH COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION DEVELOPED POLYMER CURRENCY 1980S COUNTING DRAMATICALLY IMPROVES THE LIFE SPAN COUNTERFEITING MODERN NAME UNITS BY COUNTRY STRENGTH AS OF LOGO GLOBAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET RANK ISO 4217 CODE DAILY SHARE UNITED STATES DOLLAR EURO JAPANESE YEN POUND STERLING AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR CANADIAN DOLLAR SWISS FRANC RENMINBI SWEDISH KRONA NEW ZEALAND DOLLAR MEXICAN PESO SINGAPORE DOLLAR HONG KONG DOLLAR NORWEGIAN KRONE SOUTH KOREAN WON TURKISH LIRA RUSSIAN RUBLE INDIAN RUPEE BRAZILIAN REAL SOUTH AFRICAN RAND TABLES OF HISTORICAL EXCHANGE RATES DOLLAR SEE LIST THE CONCEPT LEX MONETAE SOVEREIGN STATE SHALL THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION STANDARDIZATION CODES DEFINE SIMPLE NAMES CURRENCY SIGNS ORDER THE CONFUSION DOZENS THE DOLLAR POUND NEARLY DOZEN TIED THE REMAINDER CODE THE ISO COUNTRY LETTERS THE FIRST LETTER THE THIRD UNITED STATES CURRENCY INSTANCE GLOBALLY THE INTERNATIONAL FUND VARIANT REFERRING NATIONAL ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVE CURRENCY DISTINCT PRIVATE TRUST SUPPORT ALTERNATIVE CURRENCIES LITECOIN PEERCOIN DOGECOIN BRANDED EXAMPLE LOYALTY POINTS REPUTATION COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS REGULATED MPESA ISSUANCE BASKET OF CURRENCIES ASSETS CONTROL CENTRAL BANK MONOPOLY RIGHT AREA GROUP BANKS EXCHANGE RATE THE PRICE EACH OTHER EXCHANGE RATES MOVEMENTS DETERMINED INTERVENE THE MARKET BUY BALANCE SUPPLY AND DEMAND FIXED EXCHANGE RATE CASES EXERCISED MINISTRY INSTITUTION MONETARY POLICY MO