THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS THE JOINT QUEEN ISABELLA I OF CASTILE KING FERDINAND ARAGON THE HOUSE JOHN I OF CASTILE MARRIAGE PAPAL DISPENSATION CONSANGUINITY SIXTUS IV MARRIED IN THE CITY ISABELLA EIGHTEEN FERDINAND YOUNGER UNITED KINGDOMS GENERALLY ACCEPTED SCHOLARS JOHN ELLIOTT UNIFICATION OF SPAIN THE MARRIAGE FERDINAND AND ISABELLA HISTORICAL OPINIONS SPAIN UNION RATHER UNITARY STATE DEGREE CASTILE DECADES TO COME THE COURT ORDER LOCAL SUPPORT THE CROWN FEUDAL LORDS CATHOLIC KING QUEEN POPE ALEXANDER VI RECOGNITION OF DEFENCE THE CATHOLIC FAITH CATHOLIC MONARCHS KINGS SENSE THE POPE AUTHORITY PARTICULAR DISTINGUISHED THE CONTEXT HEIR TO THE THRONE HALF BROTHER HENRY IV OF CASTILE THE TREATY BULLS OF GUISANDO JOANNA OF CASTILE ATTEMPTED GAIN THE THRONE FOREIGN HELP AFONSO V OF PORTUGAL LEADING THE WAR CASTILIAN SUCCESSION RECENTLY SPECULATE JOANNA LEGITIMATE ABLE HERSELF SUPPORTERS CAME OUT GOOD ARAGONS OFFICIALLY THE KING TWO KINGDOMS BEGINNINGS MODERN RULED RETAINED REGIONAL LAWS GOVERNMENTS THE NEXT CENTURIES ROYAL GROUP THE HOLY BROTHERHOOD THESE MEN JUDICIAL POLICE FORCE ATTEMPT KEEP NOBLES UNIFORM JUDICIAL SYSTEM THE ROYAL COUNCIL MAGISTRATES RUN TOWNS ESTABLISHMENT OF PACIFICATION SEEN AS ONE STEPS TOWARD THE CREATION EUROPES STRONG THE INFLUENCE CORTES GENERALES TO DO ANYTHING SORT THE EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS DEATH THE UNION OF THE CROWNS VALENCIAN CORTES POWER THE MONARCHS MEDIEVAL CONTRACTUALISM RULE TRAVELED TOWN TO TOWN THE KINGDOM PROMOTE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER COMMUNITY REGION CONNECTED LOYALTY THE DAWN OF THE MODERN GOAL MUSLIM KINGDOM OF GRANADA CHRISTIAN RECONQUEST OF IBERIAN PENINSULA GRANADA WAR THE ATTACK ALHAMA DE GRANADA ANDALUSIAN RODRIGO PONCE DIEGO FELL AIDED POPE SIXTUS IV TITHE CRUSADE TAX INVEST FIGHTING EMIR BOABDIL SURRENDERED THE KEYS THE ALHAMBRA PALACE GRANADA THE CASTILIAN NUMBER EXPULSION FROM SPAIN JEW PEOPLE CONVERTED CATHOLICISM SUBJECT TO HUNDREDS CONVERSOS MORISCOS ACCUSED SECRETLY ORIGINAL RELIGION IMPRISONED INTERROGATED CASES BURNED TO DEATH THE INQUISITION TWELFTH CENTURY POPE LUCIUS III FIGHT HERESY IN THE SOUTH FRANCE EUROPEAN KINGDOMS THE POPES PUBLISHED PAPAL BULL AFFECTUS IN THE KINGDOM THE BULL GAVE EXCLUSIVE NAME CLAIMS THOUGHT EXAGGERATED PROPAGANDA PHENOMENON THE BLACK LEGEND REIGN AFTERWARDS ACTIVE PERSECUTING PEOPLE FOR BIGAMY THE LAST TRIAL SEGREGATION COMMUNITIES CREATE CLOSED QUARTERS EVENTUALLY GHETTO ECONOMIC PRESSURES JEWS INCREASING TAXES SOCIAL DECREE OF EXPULSION THE ALHAMBRA DECREE FOUR MONTHS CONVERT LEAVE TENS THOUSANDS EMIGRATED LANDS NORTH THE LOW COUNTRIES ITALY THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE LETTER THE JEWS LEFT AUTHORIZED THE EXPEDITION CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN SEA DISCOVERED THE AMERICAS THE KNOWLEDGE EXISTENCE COLUMBUS EXPEDITION INDIES ACTUALLY THE BAHAMAS THE ISLAND GUANAHANI SAN SALVADOR ONTO CUBA NAMING JOURNEY THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CALLING ISLA SPANISH ISLAND BEGUN CARIBBEAN ISLANDS PUERTO RICO WAS TO COLONIZE EXISTING DISCOVERIES THE SECOND TIME AROUND LAST EXPEDITION TRINIDAD THE COAST VENEZUELA COLONIES WEALTH INTO THE NEW STATE THE MAJOR EUROPE THE END SIXTEENTH CENTURY LARGEST EMPIRE POLITICAL STABILITY ARRANGING STRATEGIC MARRIAGES FOR EACH FIVE CHILDREN DAUGHTER AFONSO OF PORTUGAL FORGING NEIGHBOURING LEAD ENDURING PEACE FUTURE PHILIP THE HANDSOME THE SON HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN ALLIANCE THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE TERRITORY POLITICAL ONLY SON MARGARET OF AUSTRIA MAINTAINING HABSBURG DYNASTY FOURTH MARIA MANUEL I OF PORTUGAL STRENGTHENING THE LINK FORGED ELDER SISTERS FIFTH CATHERINE PRINCE OF WALES DIED THE AGE MONTHS YOUNGER BROTHER KING HENRY VIII OF ENGLAND JOINT MOTTO TANTO MONTA MONTA THE MOTTO ANTONIO DE NEBRIJA ALLUSION THE GORDIAN KNOT COMO ONE AND THE SAME CUTTING EXPLANATION THE EQUALITY ISABEL FERNANDO BADGES HERALDIC DEVICES EL YUGO Y LAS FLECHAS YOKE REFERENCE TIED FASCES INITIALS YSABEL PEASANTS RECOGNIZE SIMILAR CONSONANCE STAINED THE FASCIST POLITICAL PARTY FALANGE CLAIMED INHERITED GLORY IDEALS GERMAINE OF FOIX IMPERIAL SPAIN PROFILES BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS ISBN SOCIETY OF TAYLOR FRANCIS NEW YORK