PETROLEUM ROCK OIL MEDIEVAL LATIN OLEUM NATURALLY OCCURRING LIQUID GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS BENEATH THE EARTH REFINED FUEL HYDROCARBON MOLECULAR WEIGHTS ORGANIC COMPOUND NAME COVERS CRUDE OIL PETROLEUM PRODUCT MADE UP FOSSIL FUEL DEAD ZOOPLANKTON ALGAE BURIED UNDERNEATH SEDIMENTARY ROCK SUBJECTED INTENSE HEAT OIL DRILLING SPRINGS DRILLING STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY SEDIMENTARY BASIN ANALYSIS RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION TERMS POROSITY DISTILLATION LARGE NUMBER CONSUMER PRODUCTS GASOLINE KEROSENE ASPHALT CHEMICAL REAGENT USED TO PLASTIC PHARMACEUTICALS MANUFACTURING WIDE VARIETY THE WORLD BARRELS CONCERN DEPLETION THE EFFECT SOCIETY DEPENDENT CONCEPT PEAK OIL FOSSIL NEGATIVE IMPACT EVENTS SPILL RANGE POLLUTANTS OZONE SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IMPURITIES THE BURNING FOSSIL FUELS THE MAJOR ROLE THE CURRENT EPISODE GLOBAL WARMING THE WORD COMES ROCKS TERM SPELLING ENGLISH THE TREATISE DE NATURA FOSSILIUM PUBLISHED THE GERMAN MINERALOGIST GEORG BAUER ALSO KNOWN AS GEORGIUS AGRICOLA REFER TO MINERAL OILS MINED ORGANIC CANNEL COAL OIL SHALE THE UNITED STORAGE REGULATED PETROLEUM ACT ONE FORM ANCIENT TIMES POLITICS AND TECHNOLOGY RISE IMPORTANCE INVENTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMMERCIAL AVIATION ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PARTICULARLY SYNTHESIS ADHESIVES YEARS AGO HERODOTUS DIODORUS SICULUS CONSTRUCTION OF THE WALLS TOWERS BABYLON PITS SPRING ZACYNTHUS THE BANKS THE RIVER ISSUS THE EUPHRATES ANCIENT PERSIAN TABLETS MEDICINAL LIGHTING USES UPPER WELLS BRITISH EXPLORERS MYANMAR DOCUMENTED FLOURISHING OIL EXTRACTION INDUSTRY YENANGYAUNG HUNDREDS ORIGINS FIELDS HEREDITARY MONOPOLY CONTROL PECHELBRONN SAID TO THE FIRST EUROPEAN ACTIVE APPEARS MIXED WATER MEDICAL OIL SANDS WIETZE NATURAL COAL THE PROCESS INVENTED POLISH FILIP NERIUSZ WALTER SCOTTISH CHEMIST JAMES YOUNG SEEPAGE RIDDINGS COLLIERY ALFRETON DERBYSHIRE DISTILLED LIGHT THIN SUITABLE LAMP OIL SAME TIME IN YOUNG SMALL BUSINESS REFINING EVENTUALLY DISTILLING FLUID THE SAME WAY SEEP GAVE SIMILAR SLOW NUMBER USEFUL LIQUIDS TEMPERATURES SUBSTANCE PARAFFIN WAX PRODUCTION SOLID SUBJECT PATENT MELDRUM EDWARD WILLIAM BINNEY PARTNERSHIP BATHGATE WEST LOTHIAN TRULY COMMERCIAL IN THE WORLD MODERN OIL REFINERY EXTRACTED LOCALLY TORBANITE BITUMINOUS COAL NAPHTHA PARAFFIN SOLD THE WORLDS FIRST IGNACY ACHIEVEMENTS THE DISCOVERY OF HOW TO THE MODERN KEROSENE LAMP INTRODUCTION STREET LAMP EUROPE DEMAND NORTH AMERICA AROUND THE WORLD QUICKLY EDWIN DRAKE POPULARLY ALREADY GEORG CHRISTIAN KONRAD AMOUNT LIGNITE MUSEUM DRAKES WELL PROBABLY SINGLED OUT STEAM ENGINE COMPANY TOUCHED MAJOR ACTIVITY DRAKE PARTS GROUP CORPS MINING ENGINEERS BAKU REGION WEST VIRGINIA HAND POLAND NEARBY ROMANIA COUNTRY ANNUAL OUTPUT OFFICIALLY INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS CANADA OPERATIONAL ONTARIO CANADA WEST BUSINESSMAN JAMES MILLER WILLIAMS DISCOVERING RICH RESERVE METRES BELOW WILLIAMS LITRES DRAKES PENNSYLVANIA OPERATION NORTH THE DISCOVERY OIL BOOM SPECULATORS WORKERS LOCAL DRILLER REACHED DEPTH EXPLOSION NATURAL GAS CANADAS OIL GUSHER SHOOTING RATE BARRELS PER DAY THE END THE CENTURY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE BRANOBEL AZERBAIJAN TAKEN THE LEAD ACCESS FACTOR MILITARY THE TWENTIETH CENTURY WORLD WAR II STRATEGIC ASSET BOMBED INVASION OF THE SOVIET UNION THE GOAL CAPTURE BAKU OILFIELDS AS IT SUFFERING OIL EXPLORATION THE EARLY THE US BECOMING LEADING PRODUCER PETROLEUM PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES SAUDI ARABIA THE SOVIET UNION PERCENT NEEDS TOTAL ENERGY FOR ONLY ELECTRICITY GENERATION WORTH DENSE ENERGY VAST MAJORITY VEHICLES THE BASE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS WORLDS VIABILITY COMMODITY COMPETING QUANTITY EXPORTED MARKET EXPORT LAND MODEL NET ENERGY GAIN MINUS POLITICAL STABILITY EXPORTING NATIONS ABILITY SUPPLY LINES ACCESSIBLE THE MIDDLE THE ARAB IRAQ QATAR KUWAIT TOTAL OIL UNCONVENTIONAL EXTRA HEAVY OIL VENEZUELA VOLUMES LOGISTICAL TECHNICAL HURDLES NET ENERGY CONTENT CONVENTIONAL IN COMMON USAGE SURFACE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS LIGHTER METHANE ETHANE PROPANE BUTANE PENTANE ONES UNDERGROUND OIL RESERVOIR DEPEND PHASE DIAGRAM DISSOLVED THE PRESSURE THE SURFACE GAS COME OUT SOLUTION ASSOCIATED GAS GAS WELL THE UNDERGROUND PRESSURE HIGHER HEXANE HEPTANE GASEOUS STATE SURFACE CONDENSE NATURAL GAS CONDENSATE APPEARANCE COMPOSITION VOLATILE LIGHT CRUDE OIL PROPORTION MIXTURE RANGING LITTLE ALKANE CYCLOALKANE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON THE OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS NITROGEN OXYGEN TRACE AMOUNTS METALS COPPER VANADIUM RESERVOIRS EXACT MOLECULAR FORMATION CHEMICAL ELEMENT LIMITS MOLECULES APPEAR PERCENTAGE DETERMINING PROPERTIES BLACK DARK BROWN ASSOCIATION GAS CAP SALINE WATER GENERALLY SINKS SAND AND WATER ATHABASCA OIL SANDS WHERE IT CRUDE BITUMEN HEAVY IT MUST BE THE ORINOCO TRAPPED RESOURCES UNCONVENTIONAL OIL DISTINGUISH TRADITIONAL TWICE THE VOLUME CONVENTIONAL OIL FUEL OIL PRIMARY ENERGY VOLUME PRESENT CONVERTED FUELS FUEL OILS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS GRADES PRODUCE THE BEST YIELDS MEDIUM OIL OIL REFINERIES INCREASINGLY PROCESS COMPLEX TOO MUCH CARBON ENOUGH INVOLVE ADDING HYDROGEN THE MOLECULES FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING CONVERT SIMPLER