THE HISTORY OF ISTANBUL HOME TRAVEL GUIDES FEATURES FLIGHTS CAR HIRE HOTELS FOOD DRINK PUBLISHING TRAVEL GUIDES SEARCH DESTINATIONS EUROPE TURKEY INTRODUCING YOUR TRAVEL GUIDE OPEN MEDIA GALLERY BOOK FLYING GOING DEPARTURE RETURN ROOM SURE THE CURRENT WIDGET ELSE SWITCH THE AIRPORT THE HIDDEN INPUT THE LOCATION SELF TYPEOF FUNCTION ELSE IF HOTEL TRAVEL INSURANCE COMPARE PROVIDERS TOURS AIRPORT TRANSFERS PERFECT CRUISE NEED AIRPORT TRANSFER CONTAINER ELEMENTS CONTENT BOTTOM AREA REALLY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GREEK SETTLEMENT IN 7TH CENTURY BC LEGEND KING BYZAS COLONISTS HERE STRATEGIC LOCATION BOSPORUS STRAIT FACT WAS TO DETERMINE IMPORTANCE POWER STRUGGLE THE ROMAN EMPIRE BYZANTIUM BESIEGED SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS REBUILT THE EMPIRE TO THE POINT ROME LONGER SUITABLE CAPITAL EMPEROR CONSTANTINE EVENTUALLY SPLIT CONSTANTINOPLE THE CENTRE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE ENDURED THOUSAND THE WESTERN EMPIRE LEADING POWER BOASTED REMARKABLE LANDMARKS HAGHIA SOPHIA LEADERSHIP THE GREEK ORTHODOX THE ARAB CONQUEST CONSTANT THE FOURTH CRUSADE THE OTTOMANS SULTAN STUNNING MONUMENTS THE BLUE MOSQUE SPRANG HOSPITALS PUBLICS BATHS THE GRAND THE CAPITAL THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE MAJOR POLITICAL COMMERCIAL POWERHOUSE SOON THE ISLAMIC WORLD POWERFUL THE ALLIES OCCUPATION MUSTAFA KEMEL ATATURK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ATATURK MODERNISED THE NEW STATE WESTERN LINES GROW PUBLIC SQUARES BOULEVARDS 1940S POPULATION WORLD SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT EUROPEAN MILITARY THIS WAS RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE JEWISH CATHOLIC THE MIGHTY TOPKAPI PALACE THE SITE EUROPES GREATEST LANGUAGE IMAGE GALLERY WEATHER FEEDBACK COLUMBUS TRAVEL MEDIA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SITE WRITTEN CLICK HERE INFORMATION NORTH AMERICA OCEANIA CARIBBEAN ASIA MIDDLE EAST AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA SPORT BEACH SKI PASSPORT VISA PUBLIC HOLIDAYS WORLD CLOCK DEALS TRIP PLANNER ABOUT US COMPETITIONS EVENT CONTACT AD TEAM BOOK SHOP MUNDIAL ADVERTISER TERMS CONDITIONS FOR SALE GOODS PRIVACY POLICY YOU KNOW CHECK SHOULD VERIFY CRITICAL RELEVANT EMBASSY