THE SIEGE VIENNA ATTEMPT THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT CAPTURE CITY OF VIENNA PINNACLE OTTOMAN EMPIRES POWER MAXIMUM EXTENT EXPANSION CENTRAL EUROPE BITTER MILITARY TENSION RECIPROCAL THE BATTLE MARKED START THE GREAT TURKISH WAR THE OTTOMANS TURNED THE TIDE ALMOST CONQUEST EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE PREVIOUSLY ANNEXED CENTRAL HUNGARY VASSAL STATE TRANSYLVANIA THE WAKE FAILURE FLOODING THE DANUBE VALLEY SPECULATION OBJECTIVE ACTUALLY ASSERT CONTROL THE WHOLE THE WESTERN ROYAL HUNGARY HABSBURG THE DECISION ATTACK LONG INTERVAL EUROPEAN CAMPAIGN VIEWED OPPORTUNISTIC MANOEUVRE DECISIVE VICTORY SCHOLARS SUPPRESSION OF SIMPLY PROLOGUE PREMEDITATED INVASION OF EUROPE MAIN ARTICLE IN BATTLE FERDINAND IN AUGUST SULTAN SULEIMAN KING LOUIS II OF HUNGARY THE WAY GAIN CHILDLESS LOUIS ARCHDUKE FERDINAND I OF AUSTRIA BROTHER HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR CHARLES V CLAIMED HUNGARIAN WESTERN NOBLE THE CROWN SULEIMAN IN RETURN VASSAL STATUS THUS DIVIDED OTTOMAN HUNGARY THE DIET POZSONY BRATISLAVA KING OF THE AGREEMENT MARRIAGE SISTER ANNA SISTER MARY ENFORCE CLAIM CAPTURED BUDA HOLD ON STRIPPED TERRITORIAL THE SPRING ARMY OTTOMAN BULGARIA THE AIM SECURING THE THREAT BORDERS THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ESTIMATES CHRONICLERS UNITS SIPAHI THE ELITE FORCE OTTOMAN CAVALRY THOUSANDS JANISSARIES OTTOMAN ARMY CONTINGENT MOLDAVIA RENEGADE SERBIAN WARRIORS ACTED THE COMMANDER LEADING GRAND VIZIER HIGHEST GREEK SLAVE IBRAHIM PASHA COMMANDER POWERS GIVE ORDERS SULTANS LAUNCHED THE ONSET RAINS CHARACTERISTIC THE BALKANS PARTICULARLY HEAVY CAUSING BULGARIA RENDERING PARTS THE ROUTE BARELY CANNONS ARTILLERY PIECES HOPELESSLY MIRED LEAVING CHOICE EASTERN LARGE NUMBERS HEALTH COMMON LIVES PERILOUS JOURNEY OSIJEK REACHED THE PLAIN GREETED SUBSTANTIAL CAVALRY BY JOHN PAID HOMAGE HELPED RECAPTURE FORTRESSES FELL THE ONLY RESISTANCE TURKISH FLEET AS IT ADVANCED POPULATION ORGANISED LOCAL PEASANTS CIVILIANS DETERMINED THE INEVITABLE THE DEFENDERS VARIETY GERMAN LANDSKNECHT PIKEMEN SPANISH MUSKETEERS SENT CHARLES V HOFMEISTER AUSTRIA WILHELM VON ROGGENDORF CHARGE OPERATIONAL COMMAND MERCENARY COUNT SALM DISTINGUISHED HIMSELF PAVIA THE MERCENARY RELIEF WALLS STEPHENS CATHEDRAL ENSURE BLOCKED CITY GATES NO MORE FEET EARTHEN BASTIONS RAMPART BUILDINGS NECESSARY CLEAR ROOM LATE SEPTEMBER SOMEWHAT ADVANCE AUSTRIAN SHORT TROOPS STATE OF HEALTH TRIBULATIONS LONG MARCH THE EUROPEAN WET SEASON FIT TO FIGHT LIGHT CAVALRY SIPAHIS SIEGE WARFARE PRISONERS DISPATCHED THE SULTAN NEGOTIATE SURRENDER MUSLIMS SETTLED GARRISON SORTIES DISRUPT DIGGING MINING TUNNELS BELOW SAPPER CASE DEFENDING DETECTED DETONATED MINES DOWN SUBSEQUENTLY DISPATCHING MEN ON MINING OPERATIONS CONFINED SPACES HINDERED RETREAT MORE RAIN PROSPECTS FOR VICTORY FADE FACING CRITICAL SHORTAGES FOOD DESERTIONS TAKING TOLL VOICING DISPLEASURE THE PROGRESSION OF DEMANDING DECISION WHETHER COUNCIL DELIBERATE MAJOR ASSAULT ALL OR NOTHING EXTRA BEATEN ONCE AGAIN ARQUEBUS SNOWFALL CONDITIONS FROM BAD TO WORSE DISASTER BAGGAGE ABANDONED ROUGH SPECULATE FINAL ASSAULT CAUSE DAMAGE POSSIBLE TACTIC EMPLOYED LEAD NEVER TRULY STALLED CROATIAN NIKOLA SOLDIERS DELAY WINTER CLOSED IN CHARLES AWARE VULNERABILITY GOING SIEGE LAYING WASTE AUSTRIAN STATE STYRIA IN ESSENCE THE EXTREME LIMIT LOGISTICAL CAPABILITY FIELD ARMIES DEEP IN CENTRAL AND WESTERN THE INVASION TENS LEFT DEAD MILESTONE THE END TOWARD THE CENTRE ARGUABLY THE BEGINNING OF STAGNATION DECLINE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DOMINANT THE RENAISSANCE THE GERMAN HISTORIAN ROBERT ADOLF KANN THE DELIVERY BRAVE NIKLAS PROBABLY GREATER LESS SPECTACULAR ACHIEVEMENT LIBERATION GENERATIONS RATHER IMPERIAL POLISH FORCES MARK COMPLETE FAILURE UNDERLINED SOUTHERN PANNONIAN PLAIN LEFT BEHIND TRAIL COLLATERAL DAMAGE NEIGHBOURING CAPACITY MOUNT SUSTAINED WAS TO FUNERAL MONUMENT GRAF TOKEN APPRECIATION INITIAL INJURED THE LAST OTTOMAN DIED SARCOPHAGUS DISPLAY BAPTISTERY VOTIVKIRCHE MAXIMILIAN II THE CASTLE ON THE SPOT SAID TO TENT ONCE DRIVE IN ORIGINS BACKWARDNESS ISBN TREVOR CURT JOHNSON THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SYDNEY THE MIDDLE EAST HISTORY OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS ANDREW WHOS WHO MILITARY HISTORY THE PRESENT ROUTLEDGE THE QUEST COMPROMISE PEACEMAKERS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ALBERT HOWE THE GOVERNMENT HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS WARFARE RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS STANFORD EZEL KURAL SHAW HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE MODERN THE ISLAMIC WORLD DECLINE THE TREATY OF KARLOWITZ THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE IMPERIAL COURT PURDUE UNIVERSITY PRESS STUDY OSPREY PUBLISHING JAMES EUROPES LAURENT ISLAM WAR