PALEOLITHIC BRITISH SPELLING PALAEOLITHIC PRONUNCIATION PERIOD PREHISTORIC PERIOD HUMAN HISTORY DISTINGUISHED DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMITIVE STONE TOOL DISCOVERED GRAHAME CLARK MODES COVERS HUMAN TECHNOLOGICAL PREHISTORY EARLIEST KNOWN USE STONE TOOLS PROBABLY HOMO HABILIS MILLION YEARS AGO TO THE END PLEISTOCENE PALEOLITHIC ERA MESOLITHIC DATE BOUNDARY LOCALITY THOUSAND PALEOLITHIC PERIOD HUMANS SOCIETIES BANDS GATHERING PLANTS HUNTING SCAVENGING WILD KNAPPED WOOD BONE TOOLS ORGANIC LEATHER VEGETABLE SURVIVING ARTIFACTS YEARS AGO MARKED INCREASE DIVERSITY THE FIRST TIME IN AFRICA BONE FIRST ART APPEAR ARCHEOLOGICAL RECORD EVIDENCE FISHING BLOMBOS CAVE SOUTH AFRICA FIRSTLY ARCHEOLOGISTS DIFFERENTIATE CLASSIFY LESS THAN PROJECTILE POINTS ENGRAVING KNIFE DRILLING PIERCING TECHNOLOGY POPULATION EXPLOSION MODERN HUMANS BELIEVED EXTINCTION NEANDERTHALS HUMANKIND EVOLVED GENUS HOMO SIMPLE FULLY ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS HOMO SAPIENS THE END THE MIDDLE UPPER PALEOLITHIC PRODUCE WORKS OF ART ENGAGE RELIGIOUS SPIRITUAL BEHAVIOR BURIAL CLIMATE GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL PERIOD WARM AND COOL ARCHAEOLOGICAL GENETIC DATA THE SOURCE POPULATIONS WOODED AREAS DISPERSED HIGH PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY DENSE FOREST FOOT LIVED NORTH LATITUDE JAPAN REACHED PRESENT IN SIBERIA ABOVE THE ARCTIC AT THE END GROUP CROSSED BERING LAND BRIDGE QUICKLY TERM ARCHAEOLOGIST JOHN LUBBOCK STONE MEANING OLD AGE THE STONE OLD STONE AGE HUMAN EVOLUTION BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION EMERGENCE DISTINCT ALMOST PLEISTOCENE EPOCH LASTED EPOCH EXPERIENCED GEOGRAPHIC CLIMATIC CHANGES HUMAN SOCIETIES PLIOCENE CONTINENTS DRIFT POSITIONS CURRENT SOUTH AMERICA NORTH AMERICA THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA NEARLY COMPLETE SOUTH AMERICAS MARSUPIAL THE FORMATION OF THE ISTHMUS MAJOR CONSEQUENCES GLOBAL TEMPERATURES EQUATOR OCEAN CURRENTS CUT THE COLD ARCTIC ANTARCTIC WATERS LOWERED TEMPERATURES ATLANTIC OCEAN CENTRAL AMERICA CONNECT NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA FAUNA LEAVE NATIVE HABITATS COLONIZE NEW AREAS AFRICA COLLISION ASIA MEDITERRANEAN SEA CUTTING OFF REMNANTS TETHYS OCEAN THE MODERN CONTINENT TECTONIC PLATE EACH OTHER THE BEGINNING OF CLIMATES COOLER SIMILAR MODERN ICE SHEET ANTARCTICA ARCTIC ICE CAP SHIFT IN OXYGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS COBBLES THE NORTH ATLANTIC NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN GLACIATION GLOBAL COOLING DISAPPEARANCE FORESTS SPREAD GRASSLAND SAVANNA CONTINENTAL GLACIER PUSHED THE PARALLEL EVENTS MINOR EVENT GENERAL GLACIALS INTERGLACIALS THE GLACIER THE MINOR STADIAL TIMES GLACIAL ADVANCE TIED UP HUGE VOLUMES WATER CONTINENTAL ICE SHEETS SEA LEVEL DROPS ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE EARTH INTERGLACIAL DROWNED COASTLINES EMERGENT MOTION THE ANDES IN THE SOUTH PATAGONIA ICE GLACIERS NEW ZEALAND TASMANIA THE NOW MOUNT KENYA MOUNT KILIMANJARO RUWENZORI RANGE EAST CENTRAL AFRICA EXISTED THE MOUNTAINS ETHIOPIA THE WEST THE ATLAS MOUNTAINS NORTHERN HEMISPHERE CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET THE NORTH AMERICAN NORTHWEST LAURENTIDE NORTHERN EUROPE GREAT BRITAIN ALPINE SCATTERED DOMES STRETCHED SIBERIA NORTHERN BERINGIA LAND BRIDGE BLOCKED CLOVIS CULTURE CROSSING BERINGA REACH ACCORDING TO MARK LYNAS COLLECTED OVERALL CONTINUOUS TRADE WINDS PACIFIC WEAKENING HEADING WARM AIR RISING PERU THE INDIAN OCEAN THE EAST FINISH THE ICE AGE EARTHS CLIMATE CAUSED PLEISTOCENE MEGAFAUNA POSSIBLE LATE PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTIONS FACTORS DISEASE OVERHUNTING RESEARCH SUGGESTS WOOLLY MAMMOTH THE COMBINED CLIMATIC CHANGE HUMAN HUNTING SCIENTISTS CLIMATE CHANGE HABITAT SHRINK DROP IN HUNTED GLOBAL WARMING THE HOLOCENE EASIER MAMMOTH PREVIOUSLY FROZEN WOOLY MAMMOTHS ARCTIC ISLANDS SAINT PAUL ISLAND WRANGEL ISLAND TILL CIRCA POPULATION EXTINCT SAME TIME THE ISLAND SETTLED PREHISTORIC THERES PRESENCE EARLY HUMAN DATING NEARBY ALEUTIAN ISLANDS HUMAN CULTURE WAY OF LIFE COMES ARCHAEOLOGY CULTURES ECONOMY SOCIETY ANIMALS MEAT FIREWOOD MATERIALS HUMAN POPULATION DENSITY ONE PERSON SQUARE MILE THIS WAS BODY INFANTICIDE WOMEN INTENSE ENDURANCE EXERCISE WEANING INFANTS NOMADIC CONTEMPORARY ABUNDANCE LEISURE TIME NEOLITHIC FARMING CAVE PAINTING ROCK ART JEWELLERY AT THE BEGINNING HOMINIDS EASTERN AFRICA THE GREAT RIFT VALLEY HOMINID ONE MILLION YEARS BEFORE PRESENT PARTICULARLY KENYA TANZANIA MILLION YEARS LEAVING SETTLING SOUTHERN EUROPE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS NORTHERN CHINA LOWER PALEOLITHIC FAMILY LIVING WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN FAR NORTH SOUTHERN GERMANY NORTHWARD EXPANSION LIMITED LACK CONTROL OF FIRE CAVE EUROPE REGULAR FIRE PRIOR EAST ASIAN LITTLE FOSSIL AVAILABLE LIKEWISE HOMO IN AMERICA OCEANIA THIS TIME FATES COLONISTS RELATIONSHIPS SUBJECT TO ARCHEOLOGICAL GENETIC EURASIA EARLY HUMANS HOMO HEIDELBERGENSIS EVENTUALLY HOMO ERECTUS NEW WAVE ANATOMICALLY MODERN HOMO LEFT MULTIPLE FOR SOME CERTAIN PARTS YEARS BEFORE PRESENT ENGAGED DEGREE INTERBREEDING WITH BELONGING HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS ALTAI RADIOCARBON DATED FOR THE DURATION OUTSIDE THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF AVERAGED TOOLS THE EARLY AUSTRALOPITHECUS EXCAVATIONS THOUSANDS MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY SHOWS INTENTIONALLY GOOD CHOSE SIZED STONES NEEDS OLDUWAN BURIN THE MORE COMPLEX ACHEULEAN INDUSTRY HOMO ERGASTE