FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE COMPETITION THE PERSIAN EMPIRE THE EAST EUROPE THE OTTOMANS COLLAPSE THE EARLY RISE OF NATIONALISM UNDER EVENTUALLY LEADING THE LOSS ANNEXED BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BULGARIAN DECLARATION OF SOON THE ARAB LANDS INDEPENDENT THE EMPIRE WORLD WAR OTTOMAN EMPIRES DIPLOMATIC STRUCTURE UNCONVENTIONAL EUROPEAN TRADITIONALLY FOREIGN AFFAIRS CONDUCTED REIS CLERK SECRETARY FOREIGN MINISTRY AMBASSADORS LIMITED THE RESIDENT SENT VENICE RESIDENT AMBASSADOR SEEN YUSUF AGAH EFENDI LONDON ARRIVING AFTER THE FALL CONSTANTINOPLE MARCELLO FRENCH JEAN DE LA THE AMBASSADORS FRANCE ATTEMPT BLOCK WILLIAM HARBORNE ENGLAND TAKING MOVE TRYING DUTCH CORNELIUS HAGA CAPITULATIONS UNIQUE PRACTICE MUSLIM DIPLOMACY LEGAL TECHNICAL TERMS THE SULTAN NATIONS SUBJECT TO RENEWAL ORIGINS COMES HARUN AL RASHID FRANKISH KINGDOMS THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM ROLE PERIODS THE END PLAY THE ITALIAN THE PAPACY THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES PETITIONED ASSISTANCE CHARLES VIII OF FRANCE ITALIAN WAR POLICY THE CENTURY DISRUPTION HABSBURG DYNASTIES COLLABORATED FRANCIS I OF FRANCE PROTESTANT ALLIES FIGHTING ALLIANCE AS ONE GAVE FREEDOM TRADE PLANS DRAWN INVASION OF ITALY THE NORTH THE SOUTH FRANCIS VENETIAN THE ONLY THING CHARLES HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR THE DUTCH ALLY PRINCE WILLIAM OF ORANGE STRATEGIC MOVES TURKISH NEGOTIATIONS PHILIP II OF SPAIN THE AFTER HABSBURGS INHERITED PORTUGUESE CROWN DUTCH FORCES ATTACKED TRADING RIVALS EASTERN THE CLASSICAL ISBN ADAM THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL NURI CONVENTIONAL PALGRAVE MACMILLAN FOREIGN RELATIONS OF TURKEY RELATIONS STATE ORGANISATION OF